New records of scuttle flies ( Diptera : Phoridae ) from caves in the Bakony Mountains , Hungary

Eleven species o f Phoridae were obtained during the survey of invertebrates fauna of four caves in the Bakony Mountains of Hungary. Four species are new records for Hungary: Borophaga bennetti Disney, 2010, Megaselia tenebricola Schmitz, 1934, Megaselia vernalis (Wood, 1909) and Triphleba flexipalpis Schmitz, 1927.

The biospeleological researches on the Hungarian caves have a great tradition (Horusitzky & Siegmeth 1914).Unfortunately in recent decades only few investigations have been carried out.
All caves in Hungary have been protected since 1961.Most of the caves are in the Biikk and Bakony mountain ranges.The Bakony Mountains are the most complex geological region in Hungary.The mountains are composed of numerous karst-, and non-karstic (sedimentary and volcanic) caves.As a consequence, the caves are very diverse (Eszterhas & Szentes 2013).
In 2009 the staff of the Natural History Museum of Bakony Mountains and the local caver clubs started to discover the cave fauna of the Bakony Mts Some of these caves, were never zoologically studied before.

P l a c e a n d m e t h o d s o f t h e s t u d y
Between 2009 and 2012 invertebrates were collected in one small basalt cave and three limestone caves in the Bakony Mountains (Fig. 1).The three studied caves are under the management of the Balaton-felvideki National Park, they are partly open to the public.
The Csodabogyós Cave is situated at Balatonederics, in the Keszthely Mts.winch is part of the Bakony Mts.The cave formed in the Late Triassic period in Ederics Limestone fonnation.It is a 5200 m long and 121 deep multi level system of fissures cave.The cave chambers are notable for various dripstone formations, therefore it has been strictly protected since 1992 (Karpat 2003, Anonymus 2012).
The Lóczy Cave is near Balatonfured.It was discovered in 1882.The 154 m long and 15 m deep cave was fonned by upwelling thermal water in Fiired Limstone in the Late Triassic period, and it lias been highly protected too since 1982 (Hazslinszky 2003, Anonymus 2012).
The Takó Cave is near Epleny.It is a 60 m long limestone cave (Anonymus 2012).
The Kapolcsi Pokol Hole is a 56 m long tectonic basalt cave.The thick basalt blocks in this cave dam the seeping water, which emerges as a spring.This spring feeds a small lake.The size of the lake varied, because after the water reaches a certain level a siphon system drains it.The lake appears mainly in the spring, after thawing (Eszterhas & Szentes 2010).The scuttle flies found in the four caves belonged to eleven species.Of the 461 specimens collected 172 (37.3%) were males and 289 (62.7%) were females.
Remarks: This is a new record for Hungary, but it was only recently distinguished from two similar species (Disney 2010).It was previously only known from the British Isles.
Remarks: The larvae feed on invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, including occasionally on human corpses (Disney 2006), but females visit carrion not only to oviposit but also to obtain a protein rich meal when their eggs are still immature (Disney 1994).

Megaselia breviterga (Lundbeck, 1920)
Material: K-P, 7 Jul-13 Nov 2012, 1 female.Remarks: The identification of this species has been recently clarified with the recognition that specimens reported from caves in the Nearctic Region belong to a sibling species (Disney 2012c).Females have been reported on dead mice, but less than a quarter were gravid (Disney 2012b(Disney , 2013)).

Megaselia pleuralis (Wood, 1909)
Material: K-P, 7 Jul-13 Nov 2012, 1 female.Remarks: The recognition of the females of this species has been recently clarified (Disney 2012a).It has been reared from pigeon dung and other decaying materials (Disney 1994).