New data on the occurrence of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Eastern Beskid Mountains (Poland)

New data on the occurrence of the 70 species of longhorn beetles from the area of the Eastern Beskid Mountains including the Low Beskids (56 species) are presented. The state of knowledge about Cerambycidae of the Eastern Beskid Mountains, Low Beskids, Western Beskid Mountains and Bieszczady Mountains is summarised. New localities of some rarely seen species as: Pachyta quadrimaculata (Linnaeus 1758), Stenocorus meridianus (Linnaeus, 1758), Evodinus clathratus (Fabricius, 1793), Anoplodera rufipes (Schaller, 1783), A. sexguttata (Fabricius, 1775), Ropalopus macropus (Germar, 1824), Pogonocherus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758), Phytoecia cylindrica (Linnaeus 1758) and Ph. nigricornis (Fabricius 1782) are given. Four species, P. quadrimaculata, Leptura annularis Fabricius, 1801, Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pogonocherus fasciculatus (DeGeer, 1775), are recorded for the first time from the area of the Low Beskids.


INTRODUCTION
The longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae) is one of the group of beetles (Coleoptera) that is richest in species with approximately 35 000 described species (Švácha & Lawrence 2014), and 192 of these species occur in Poland (Gutowski et al. 2012).Despite the numerous works that have been devoted to cerambycids, the knowledge on their distribution in Poland is still insufficient, and some regions of the country require further studies (Zieliński 2004, Gutowski et al. 2011).The occurrence of longhorn beetles in southeastern Poland is fairly well known thanks mainly to papers by Trella (1925) and Gutowski (1995) on the Eastern Beskid Mountains and thanks to the works by Kubisz & Hilszczański (1992) and Olbracht & Szewkienicz (2013) on the Low Beskids.The present study provides some new data on many species of cerambycids in the part of the Eastern Beskid Mountains, where detailed research have not been conducted so far.The work aims to supplement the knowledge on the longhorn beetles diversity of the Eastern Beskid Mountains.
AREA AND METHODS According to the division of Poland used in the Catalogue of Fauna of Poland (Burakowski et al. 1990) the research area is located in the Eastern Beskid Mountains (Beskid Wschodni).However, according to physico-geographical regionalisation of Poland proposed by Kondracki (2013), this area is located in two macroregions.The first is called the Foothills of the Central Beskids (Pogórze Środkowobeskidzkie) and it consists with eight mesoregions.Only two of them were sampled here, i.e. the Gorlice Depression (Obniżenie Gorlickie) and the Jasło Foothills (Pogórze Jasielskie).The second macroregion with our plots is the region of the Central Beskids (Beskidy Środkowe) which includes only one mesoregion -the Low Beskids (Beskid Niski).In this paper we keep the names of regions used in the Catalogue of Fauna of Poland referring our data to Eastern Beskid Mountains, but additionaly we distinguished in it the area of the Low Beskids.In this way we want to highlight the specificity of the fauna of the region with its relatively low altitude and many mountain passes.Those passes are not very significant for species migration (Mazur 2001), but according to Taszakowski (2012), they can be considered to be migration routes for many species from the Pannonian Basin.
According to Kondracki (2013) the Low Beskids is a mountain range which forms a transition zone between the Eastern and Western Beskids.The Low Beskids is characterized by the occurrence of the so-called trans-Carpathian passes, which is associated with the lack or limited presence of plant species characteristic for the Carpathians, such as spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.Because the average height of these mountains does not exceed 700 m above sea level, there are no plant communities that are characteristic for the higher parts of the mountain here (Kubisz & Hilszczański 1992).
The nomenclature was adopted from the Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Löbl & Smetana 2010).The specimens are preserved in the collections of the authors (mainly in A. Taszakowski's collection).
In the Low Beskids, apart from the four new species, the rarest (published the first time by Olbrycht & Szewkienicz (2013)) species are: Ropalopus macropus, Acanthocinus aedilis, Exocentrus lusitanus and Agapanthia intermedia.It is noteworthy, that the following species, i.e.Stenocorus meridianus, Evodinus clathratus, Nivellia sanguinosa (Fig. 2), Anoplodera rufipes, A. sexguttata, Tetropium gabrieli, Pogonocherus hispidus, Phytoecia cylindrica and Ph.nigricornis were recorded in the Eastern Beskid Mountains only from single observations or have only been confirmed in recent years.Moreover, some records seem to be particularly interesting as, for example, synanthropic Hylotrupes bajulus (which larvae live mainly in wooden elements of building constructions) on a pile of spruce fire-wood next to the forest, at least a few kilometers from the nearest buildings.Similarly, Ph. cylindrica, which usually inhabits open areas, mid-forest clearings and forest edges, was caught in the middle of the hornbeam forest during the sweep-netting of the undergrowth.The presence of P. sanguineum in an area, where there are no oaks within a few kilometers, is also noteworthy, because this species prefers oaks as a host plants, and only occasionally chooses other deciduous trees.
At present, the cerambycids' species composition of the Eastern Beskid Mountains and its neighbouring regions appear to be well investigated.However, it is likely that the occurrence of a several next species will be proven still, especially within the Low Beskids.For example, A. rufipes (which was found on the border of the Low Beskids), Chlorophorus herbstii, P. hispidus or Ph.nigricornis.Two very rare species in Poland -Macroleptura thoracica Creutzer, 1799 and Stenopterus rufus (Linnaeus, 1767) -were recently reported from the area of the Low Beskids (Olbrycht & Szewkienicz 2013).In our view, the appearance of central and south European species S. rufus in this region may be associated with recent climate changes, that affect many insect species (Tryjanowski et al. 2010).
Because of the physiographic and geobotanical distinction of the Low Beskids compared to the rest part of the Eastern Beskid Mountains, the authors deem the idea of recognizing this area as a separate zoogeographical region, similar to the one proposed by Tykarski (2011) (the Central Beskid Mountains as a subunit of Beskid Mts. and Foothills), to be reasonable.These differences are emphasized by results of our research, during which 38 species were recorded from only the Low Beskid and 14 only from the remaining part of the Eastern Beskid Mountains.This is also confirmed to a certain extent inter alia taking as an example species of the genus Phytoecia Mulsant, 1839: affinis, cylindrica and nigricornis.The first one is a species that commonly occurs in the mountains (e.g., the Bieszczady Mts.) and one that has been recorded on the strictly montane research plots.The two other species, which are certainly not considered to be mountain elements, have not been found in any of the Low Beskids locations, despite the more intense investigation of the research plots and regular inspections of the local meadows and undergrowth using the sweep-netting method.Two other species that are associated with the beech Fagus L. that appear to confirm this thesis are Rosalia alpina and Stictoleptura tesserula.In our research, all records of these species are located in the Low Beskids or at its border.

Table 1 .
Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) that were collected and/or observed during the study in the Eastern Beskid Mountains (with details of the Low Beskids).! -pecies protected by law; * -species rarely observed in this part of the country; 1 -species collected or observed during our research on the territory of the Low Beskids.