Search for: [Abstract = "The purpose of this paper is to discuss the distinguished properties of by\-names as forms differentfrom official ones, to analyze their structural and semantic features and to search for their historicalevidence. By\-names of Chinese places should not be defined as unusual and informal, since actually in many cases by\-names are formal and very common in China nowadays. By\-names are generally bestowed on important places \(mostly cities\) that win the public interest. Most of them have twostructural parts, the front specific parts are determiners \/ qualifiers and the back ones are generics.The generics generally are\: cheng 城 ‘town \/ city’, du 都 ‘capital’, jiang 江 ‘river’, shan 山 ‘mountain’, dao 岛 ‘island’ etc. The lexical meanings of lexical items forming specific parts of by\-namesmainly refer to animals, plants, minerals, local manufactured products, climate and natural scenery,geographical location, humans, areas, etc. Chinese contemporary by\-names, used on various occasions, vary in frequency and stability. The by\-names discussed in the paper only account for a smallproportion and are listed just due to their relatively high frequency, stability and acceptability."]

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