@misc{Chmiel_Aleksander_Pharmaceutical_2002,
 author={Chmiel, Aleksander},
 volume={59},
 number={4},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY-SA 4.0 license},
 journal={Biotechnologia, vol.59, 4 (2002)-.},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2002},
 publisher={Committee on Biotechnology PAS},
 publisher={Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS},
 language={pol},
 abstract={Pharmaceutical biotechnology is 60 years old. Its development one can divide into three essential periods. Two of them have proceeded in past century.The first period started during the Second World War with the industrial production of penicillin and was microbiology-based (microbial metabolites as drugs).The second one was genetic engineering-based and started in 1982, when human insulin synthesized in recombinant bacteria was introduced by pharmaceutical industry to health care. The third period began in 2001 with the first descriptions of the human genome, and is genome-based (also proteome-based).Molecular biology with its new areas - genomics, farmacogenomics and proteomics, together with bioinformatics and other sophfisticated tools developedat the end of XX century and introduced (to the pharmaceutical and medicalbiotechnology of the XXI century) very new ideas and new approaches to drugdiscovery and designin. Pharmaceutical biotechnology (as well as pharmaceutical industry as a whole and world biotechnology as a whole) is entering uponthe third phase of its development, a very integrated and globalized one.},
 type={Text},
 title={Pharmaceutical biotechnology: The achievements of 20th century and the expectations in 21th century},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/137494/PDF/POZN271_172736_biotechnologia-2002-no4-chmiel.pdf},
 keywords={biotechnology},
}