@misc{Kwiecińska_Maja_Rozwój_2019,
 author={Kwiecińska, Maja},
 editor={Łupienko, Aleksander (1980– ). Editor},
 editor={Zabłocka-Kos, Agnieszka (1957– ). Editor},
 editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2019},
 publisher={Instytut Historii PAN},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The article discusses the transformation methods of early modern municipal fortifications and their elements within the development of the urban fabric and their expansion outside the old town centres in three towns in Lower Silesia: Brzeg, Świdnica and Głogów. They were similar fortress towns, but they were rebuilt at different times, replaced by complex spatial layouts which the author refers to as “promenade layouts”. They consisted of urbanistic elements, buildings, public greenery, and small architectural objects, together forming one of the most important open public spaces in towns before 1918. Particular objects were given a symbolic significance, thus adding symbolic structure to the spatial one. A comparison of the process of creating these complexes in the analysed towns describes the complexity of the problem, poses research questions, and demonstrates the possibility of a multifaceted approach to the issue.},
 type={Text},
 title={Rozwój założeń promenadowych w miastach śląskich w „długim XIX w.”: Brzeg, Głogów, Świdnica},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/140647/PDF/WA303_175781_II14682_Kwiecinska.pdf},
 keywords={cities and towns - Poland - history - 19th c., cities and towns - Poland - history - 1900-1945, architecture and society - Poland - history - 19th c., architecture and society - Poland - history - 1900-1945, former fortress areas, open spaces - history, promenades layouts, public space, urban planning - Poland - Brzeg (Województwo Opolskie)- history - 19th century, urban planning - Poland - Głogów- history - 19th century, urban planning - Poland - Świdnica (województwo dolnośląskie) - history - 19th century},
}