@misc{Luniak_Maciej_Stan_1977,
 author={Luniak, Maciej},
 editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologii},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={1977},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The data presented here are from a review of publications and from information provided by a number of ornithologists as concerns unpublished papers. The data cover studies through the end of 1976. The birds of Polish towns are quite well documented (over 150 special publications) when compared with other groups of the urban fauna and the birds on other than urban areas as well. Between 1955 and 1971 papers were published on the avifauna of the following towns: Wrocław, Krakowy Lublin, Toruń, Warszawra, Bielsko-Biała, Łódź, Olsztyn. These papers were not based on quantitative census methods. Recently, many quantitative studies have been conducted — census in over 160 areas or census plots in 25 towns (Table I). Municipal parks have been the most thoroughly examined. There is still unsufficient information from built-up areas — the main urban habitat. Studies have mainly been conducted during the breeding season, and only sporadically in the winter.About 60 separate publications deal with the occurrence of particular species in towns, and their ecology and ethology. Subjects usually examined are: geographic range, habitat distribution and density of urban populations. The best research has been done on the collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto (Friv.), the blackbird, Turdus merula L., and the wood pigeon, Columba palumbus L. Concerning biological problems, attention should be called to the series of experimental works by Graczyk on the distinct character of urban populations of the blackbird and song thursh (Turdus philomelos Brehm), and to the artificial introduction of these species to towns where they did not previously occur.Several papers have also been published on general problems of special attributes of some urban bird species, changes in the avifauna of Polish towns, and protection of birds in towns. Also 4 popular-scientific books on urban avifauna have been published.In conclusion it can be said, that besides the studies on the description of urban avifaunas, their ecological conditioning and their role in urban ecosystems, it is necesary to conduct bioengineering-type studies in order to be able to help establish urban avian communities.},
 type={Text},
 title={Stan badań nad ptakami miast w Polsce},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/155662/PDF/WA058_109555_P3259-23_Eko-Pol-B.pdf},
 volume={23},
 number={4},
 journal={Wiadomości Ekologiczne},
 publisher={Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe},
 keywords={urban avifauna, urban birds, city birds, Poland},
}