@misc{, copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license}, howpublished={online}, school={Mossakowski Medical Research Center PAS}, abstract={The main goals of this PhD dissertation comprised the synthesis and physicochemical characterization (morphological and spectroscopic properties) of the obtained nanomaterials based on rare earth ions, and evaluation their potential toxic effects and functionality in biological systems at the in vitro level, in terms of determining the application possibilities in biological and medical sciences.}, type={Text}, URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/235824/Rozprawa_Doktorska_Karolina_Zajdel_2022_l.pdf}, keywords={Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), nano-bio interactions, cytotoxicity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), endocytosis, cellular uptake pathways}, }