@misc{Bock_Walter_Joseph_(1933–_)_Avian_1999,
 author={Bock, Walter Joseph (1933– )},
 editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii},
 editor={Meeting of the European Ornithologists' Union (2 ; 1999 ; Gdańsk)},
 copyright={Rights Reserved - Restricted Access},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={1999},
 language={eng},
 language={pol},
 abstract={An integrated, holistic analysis of the avian jaw apparatus within the system of avian cranial kinesis shows a complex series of movements of the two jaws, rather than just a simple opening and closing of both jaws. Because of the complex arrangement of the jaw muscles, birds have achieved different adaptive configurations of these muscles for various movement combinations. Specialization of the several jaw muscles are correlated, nevertheless, with the different possible movements of both jaws, such as the evolution of the M. ethmomandibularis in parrots for independent raising of the lower jaw and the M. pterygoideus retractor in several avian groups for independent lowering of the upper jaw.},
 type={Text},
 title={Avian cranial kinesis revisited},
 volume={34},
 number={2},
 journal={Acta Ornithologica},
 publisher={Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN},
 keywords={birds, skull, congresses, cranial kinesis, avian biomechanics, coupling mechanisms, jaw movements, jaw muscles, Aves},
}