@misc{Czechowski_Wojciech_Formica_2001, author={Czechowski, Wojciech and Vepsäläinen, Kari}, editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii}, copyright={Rights Reserved - Free Access}, address={Warszawa}, howpublished={online}, year={2001}, language={eng}, abstract={By protecting their territory against all territorial ants, Formica rufaL. indirectly protected F. fuscaL., nesting within their territory, against F. sanguinea Latr. raids. The permanent costs to F. fusca caused by highly aggressive F. rufa within their territories were out weighed by the benefits obtained by F. rufa’s protection against periodic raids of F.sanguinea. We interprete our findings in the light of the hierarchy competitive framework as follows.}, type={Text}, title={Formica rufa L. protects indirectly F. fusca L. against raids of F. sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)}, URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/55642/PDF/WA058_51538_P255-T51_Annal-Zool-Nr-3-2.pdf}, volume={51}, number={3}, journal={Annales Zoologici}, publisher={Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN}, keywords={ants, Formica fusca, Formica rufa, Formica sanguinea, territoriality, competition hierarchy, interspecific competition, slavery}, }