@misc{Grupa_Małgorzata_Wooden_2018,
 author={Grupa, Małgorzata},
 volume={31},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY-SA 3.0 PL license},
 address={Łódź},
 journal={Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2018},
 publisher={Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences. Łódź Branch},
 language={eng},
 abstract={Wooden textile tools are very rare archaeological finds. The reasons for this are various and one of them is, e.g., unstable environment, which results in decomposition of objects made of organic materials. Another reason is the lack of sufficient knowledge of textile tools by researchers responsible for archaeological research, who interpret such finds falsely. Yet another and rather frequent reason is a deficiency of publications on this issue. Therefore, very few weaving tools appear in archaeological literature. An assemblage of such objects comes from the exploration in the Opole settlement and an island in Żółte, Site 33 on Lake Zarańskie, West Pomerania (it has been the most numerous collection of weaving tools in Poland so far). Studies of archaeological layers in Gdańsk delivered only a few objects, which are a perfect complement of our knowledge of weaving production of the Middle Ages and the modern period. We should also remark that the artefacts from Żółte, apart from those from Gdańsk and Opole, are the best examples of using wooden textile tools by small communities. It leads to a conclusion that these groups were self-sufficient in textile manufacturing, starting with preliminary yarn processing and finishing with producing woollen and linen textiles},
 type={Text},
 title={Wooden Textile Tools from Medieval Poland},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/67590/PDF/WA308_87905_PIII348_Wooden-Textile-Tools_I.pdf},
 keywords={textile tools, spindles, distaffs, weaving sword, netting needle, wooden pulley, Poland},
}