@misc{Ulrich_Werner_The_1998,
 author={Ulrich, Werner},
 editor={Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license},
 address={Dziekanów Leśny},
 howpublished={online},
 year={1998},
 language={eng},
 abstract={Between 1980 and 1987 a beech forest (Fagus sylvatica) on limestone near Gottingen (FRG) was studied using ground-photo-eclectors. 720 species of Hymenoptera were detected. 669 of the species were parasitoids, 29 phytophagous Tenthredinidae, Cynipidae and Eurytomidae, 9 ants, 4 vespids and 9 nest-building sphecids, megachilids, andrenids and bumble bees. Even after 8 years of sampling a great number of species seems to remain undetected. Estimates of extinction and immigration rates indicate species turnover rates of at least 5 to 10%. The abundance of the parasitic Hymenoptera ranged between 123 ± 23 ( 1981) and 1078 ± 186 ( 1984) ind. m-2 a-1. The most important groups were the parasitoids of Diptera with 56 ± 15 (1981) to 936 ± 164 (1984) ind. m-2 a-1. As judged by the sorting according to parasitoid guild, the parasitoids of gall-makers (23 ± 9 to 880 ± 163 ind. m-2 a-1) and the egg-parasitoids (21 ± 17 to 102 ± 33 ind. m-2 a-1) reached the highestdensities. The biomass of the parasitic wasps ranged between 19 ± 5 ( 1981) and 170 ± 92 (1987) mg DW m-2 a-1 with a mean of 68 mg DW m-2 a-1. In comparison with other important insect taxa this is a low value.},
 type={Text},
 title={The parasitic Hymenoptera in a beech forest on limestone. 1, Species composition, species turnover, abundance and biomass},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/Content/98271/PDF/WA058_90709_P2840-T46_Eko-Pol-A-Nr-3.pdf},
 volume={46},
 number={3},
 journal={Polish Journal of Ecology},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office},
 keywords={Hymenoptera, faunal composition, parasitoids, beech forest, density, biomass, species turnover, local extinction, local immigration},
}