Object structure
Title:

Robotnicze Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Dzieci w latach 1944–1949 : funkcjonowanie i problemy ideowo-organizacyjne

Subtitle:

Polska 1944/45-1989 : studia i materiały 13 (2015)

Creator:

Juźwik, Aleksander

Contributor:

Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Publisher:

Instytut Historii PAN

Place of publishing:

Warszawa

Date issued/created:

2015

Description:

p. 5-28 ; Tables included [5] ; Summ. eng., pol.

Type of object:

Journal/Article

Subject and Keywords:

Robotnicze Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Dzieci - history ; Workers' Society of Friends of Children ; social service - Poland ; public welfare - Poland ; children and the youth

Abstract:

The Second Polish Republic saw a period of intense development of the Workers’ Society of Friends of Children (WSFC), established in 1919 as a separate division of child care at the Central Executive Committee of the Polish Socialist Party. Two of its divisions stood out, namely the Warsaw Division (of Żoliborz), and the Łódź Division. After WWII the WSFC, which was suspended by the Germans during the occupation, began its reactivation, initially losing its ideological character of a socialist association. The year 1946 was a period of rapid and spontaneous development of the Society, with eight provincial (voivodeship) delegations and ninety branches which organized 240 institutions of child care (including 23 orphanages) for 40 thousand children. The Society, as the favorite of the Polish authorities headed by socialists, first Edward Osóbka-Morawski, then Józef Cyrankiewicz, was financed by subsidies of the state. The money was used by the General Board to finance numerous and expensive building investments, including sixteen agricultural centers. In 1947 the General Board worked out a plan of gradual transformation of the WSFC into a ministry for child affairs. A program of the WSFC of 1947 had some innovative ideas though out by Dr. Aleksander Lande who wanted to separate child health care from the whole health care in Poland and to combine it with child education and care to organize the so-called “integrate counseling”. He also wanted pediatrician to be broadly educated, especially in social sciences, and was against the institution of nursery as in his opinion it was family that played the most important role in the development of a child. Those ambitious plans of the Society were thwarted by political events of 1948, that is a final abolition of the autonomy and independence of the Polish Socialist Party. An attack against the independence of the Society was launched by the leadership of the Polish Workers’ Party (PWP) in three planes: ideological political, material and organizational ones; in the mid-1948 the Society was imposed a role of transmission belt for the ideology and policy of the PWP, and in the latter half of the year the WSFC was transformed into the Society of Friends of Children and deprived of a majority of its former child care centers. This new Society lost its old ideological identity, focusing on the implementation of Stalinist political and social program of the Polish United Workers’ Party in the sphere of child care and education through the propagation of anti-Church slogans and the so-called “secular schools.”

References:

Demel M. 1982, Aleksander Landy. Życie i dzieło, PWN, Warszawa
Demel M. 2000, Promocja zdrowia – polskie drogi, „Gazeta Lekarska”, nr 11.
Jarosz D., Główne kierunki działalności państwa w zakresie stalinizacji wychowania dzieci w Polsce w latach 1948–1956, „Mazowieckie Studia Humanistyczne” 4 (1998), nr 2, s. 105–140.
Kłuszyńska D. 1948, Pionierski Okres Robotniczego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Dzieci, Warszawa.
Konopka H. 1997, Religia w szkołach Polski Ludowej: sprawa nauczania religii w polityce państwa (1944–1961), Białystok.
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Newerly I., Aktualia przeoczonej kultury, „Biuletyn RTPD” III (III–IV 1948), nr 3–4.
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Słownik biograficzny działaczy polskiego ruchu robotniczego, red. nacz. F. Tych, red. A. Pacholczykowa et al., t. 1, Warszawa 1978, t. 3, Warszawa 1992.
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Tułodziecki S., Dwadzieścia lat społecznej działalności Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Dzieci 1944–1964, Warszawa 1965.
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Żenczykowski T. 1990, Polska lubelska 1944, Warszawa.

Relation:

Polska 1944/45-1989 : studia i materiały

Volume:

13

Start page:

5

End page:

28

Resource type:

Text

Detailed Resource Type:

Article : original article

Format:

application/pdf

Resource Identifier:

2450-8357

Source:

IH PAN, sygn. B.155/13 Podr. ; IH PAN, sygn. B.156/13 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

pol

Rights:

Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 4.0 license

Terms of use:

Copyright-protected material. [CC BY-ND 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Original in:

Library of the Institute of History PAS

Access:

Open

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