@misc{Wyczółkowski_Dariusz_Kalisz-Stare_2025,
 author={Wyczółkowski, Dariusz and Kędzierski, Adam},
 volume={70},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Archeologia Polski},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 language={pol},
 abstract={This article presents the results of archaeological research conducted at the Kalisz-Stare Miasto (Old Town) 13 site. This site was an early medieval craft and trade settlement located near the Kalisz-Zawodzie stronghold. The study aimed to trace the spatial layout of the settlement, establish its chronology, and identify the purpose of its 80-plus archaeological features. This article discusses the remains of three of these features (nos. 8, 63, and 75) identified as glass workshops, covering also the finds related to this activity. More than 1,000 fragments of ceramic crucibles with body walls covered with multicolored glass drippings have been unearthed in these features and in the associated cultural layers. The remains of furnaces and hearths have also been found, along with several hundred glass products and waste, including beads, rings, and wedding rings, as well as semi-finished products such as rods, threads, and glass lumps. Feature no. 75 has been interpreted as a highly specialized glassworks containing three furnaces and yielding numerous artifacts. The glass finds could suggest production related to sacred architecture. Analysis of the coins and pottery from these features suggests a date extending from the end of the 11th century through to the end of the 12th. The authors emphasize the need for further specialized analyses (including technological and raw material analyses) to enable a more complete understanding of the nature of production and possible glass melting at this site.},
 title={Kalisz-Stare Miasto – najstarsza znana wczesnośredniowieczna huta szkła w Polsce?},
 type={Text},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/iae/Content/262341/299394_I.pdf},
 keywords={Early Medieval, Poland, Kalisz, glass production, glassworks, furnaces, crucibles, beads},
}