Skip to main menu
Skip to search engine
Skip to content
Skip to footer
en
pl
en
pl
Contrast
Login
en
pl
en
pl
Login
Contrast
Back
About project
About project
Mission
Partners and organization
Projects
Technical information
FAQ
Copyrights
Regulations
Preservation and archive policy
Privacy policy
Declaration of accessibility
Contact
Collections
Collections
Dissertations
Articles
Registers
Posters
Indexes
Indexes
Title
Subtitle
Creator
Contributor
Publisher
Place of publishing
Date issued/created
Date on-line publ.
Date copyrighted
Date available
Description
Thesis degree information
Degree name
Level of degree
Degree discipline
Degree grantor
Subject and Keywords
Abstract
References
Relation
Citation
Volume
Issue
Start page
End page
Resource type
Format
Resource Identifier
Source
Language
Language of abstract
Coverage
Spatial coverage
Temporal coverage
Rights
Terms of use
Copyright holder
Digitizing institution
Original in
Projects co-financed by
Tags
Recently viewed
Recently viewed
Objects
Collections
RCIN Repositories
RCIN Repositories
INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
Search field
How to search...
Advanced search
MAIN PAGE
|
Indexes
Index:
Abstract
Results:
1089
Abstract
Choose first letter
all
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Search in field Abstract
Prev
of
19
Next
The aim of the presented work was to study the effects of changes of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (lAA) metabolizm on in vitro shoot proliferation and rhizogenesis of transgenic strawberry shoots carrying maize lAA-glucose synthase gene (iaglu). Four /ag/u-transformed strawberry clones and non- transformed ‘Raster’ shoots served as a plant material for the study. The analysis of free and conjugated lAA level in leaves of transgenic and control strawberry plants showed that /og/u-containing strawberry clones had significantly higher level of ester conjugated lAA, but the level of free hormone was only slightly decreased or comparable to the control plants, mg/u-transformed clones had significantly higher proliferation rate and formed more roots than the control shoots. One of the /og/u-transformed clones had significantly shorter and other two - longer roots than the control plantlets.
The aim of the studies was to estimate the effect of cytokinins on the production of callus and shoots from different seedling explants of sugar beet. Two diploid multigerm genotypes were used in the experiment. The seedling explants (hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins: BAP, 2iP, TDZ in concentrations 0,2; 1,0 and 2,0 mg/1.
The aim of the study was an early detection of somaclonal variation (SV) which could occur within the micropropagated plant material. Shoot cultures of the Polish cultivars were used. Five cultivars derived from breeder A and four from breeder B. They were propagated in vitro for one or two years. The molecular markers (inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR) were utilized for analysis of putative DNA polymorphism between standard plants (propagated traditionally) belonging to tested cultivars and somaclonal variants derived from them. Within the nine studied genotypes, for five of them, the ISSR analysis performed with ten primers did not reveal polymorphism between standard and micropropagated plants. The analysis of the other four cultivars, all derived from breeder B, showed that some of the plants, micropropagated either for one or two years, differed slightly from standard. Basing on ISSR data, the L'PGMA dendrogram showing genetic similarity of the analysed plants was generated and clusters grouping cultivars, their standards and micropropagated plants were noted.
The aim of the work was to determine the influence of the kind of the explant, of the growth and light regulators on the initiation of the callus cultures of chrysanthemum. For the of the initiation callus cultures some parts of the inflorescence (ray flowers, flower bottom) and parts of the leaf blade of the ‘Erica’ variety of chrysanthemum were used. The explants placed on the MS medium were supplemented with auxins (1 mg dm'^ lAA, IBA, NAA and 2.4D) or with a combination of auxin NAA (from 1.0 to 5.0 mg • dm-^) and cytokinine BAP (from 0,1 do 2 mg • dm-3). Half of the cultures were carried out in the light of the intensity of 50 PAR, while the other half was carried out in the dark.
The aim of the work was to examine the ability of Penicillium canescens P-galactosidase to synthesize galactooligosacharides in one or two-phase medium (organic solvents: water). The yield of this process depends mainly on: lactose concentration in water phase, time of reaction, kind of organic solvents and their participation in two-phase medium. The application of ultrafiltration for separation of saccharides from the reaction medium stabilized the yield of galactooligosacharides synthesis.
The aim of these investgations was to test the applicability of ultrafiltration to purifying and concentratingof the pectinolytic enzymatic products, known as Pectopol - P.
The aim of this investigation was to establish the conditions for effective regeneration of adventitious shoots on leaf explants of apple dwarf rootstock P.59. A three stage procedure was used - the induction on medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ) and a-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for two weeks, then the regeneration on medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and NAA and growth of adventitious shoots on medium with low concentration of BAP and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The youngest leaves from proliferating shoot cultures were taken as explants for adventitious regeneration. The effect of MS salt concentration and type of solidifying agent in the induction and regeneration media, and a type of cytokinin in the induction medium was studied. It was proved that the regeneration potential was higher when 1/2 MS salts, Gelrite and TDZ was used.
The aim of this paper is the presentation of research carried out in Agrocenology Department of Ecology Institute Polish Academy of Sciences on the ecology and biology of several species of entomopathological fungi {Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus and Verticillium lecanii) and attemptsof their application in the biological fight against plant pests.
The aim of this study was to define denitrification kinetics using bacteria Paracoccus denitrijicans cultivated in membrane bioreactor equipped with microfilter module with ceramic cartridge with cut off 0,45 pm. Water used in experiments was loaded with very strong nitrateconcentration reaching up to 6,0 g NO3 /L. Methanol was used as carbon source and was addedin an amount 30% higher than the one calculated stoichiometrically. The pH value of water wasautomatically adjusted to 7,0. As experimental variables the following parameters were tested:i) supplementation of water with some nutrients, including monopotassium phosphate and microelements: molybdenum, copper, ferric and magnesium ions, variable initial cell biomass concentration, ii) different cultivation methods: stationary batch fermentation in glass flasks andcontinuous fermentation in membrane bioreactor with cell recycling, iii) procedure of water supplyto bioreactor: in a closed system container/membrane bioreactor, and in an open system withcontinuous water flow through membrane bioreactor
The aim of this work was the determination of the ability of four commercial starter cultures of mesophilic lactococci to cholesterol assimilation during 24-hours-long culture in MRS broth medium at 30°C. The tested starter cultures showed various ability to assimilate cholesterol from culture medium varying from 10,4 ± 1,56% to 29,8 ± 5,22%. The results of this study proved the existence of significant differences in cholesterol assimilation ability between commercial starter cultures of mesophilic lactococci, and also even between individual repetitions for the same culture. The best cholesterol-assimilating starter culture of mesophilic lactococci was used for the production of sour cream, that was stored at 5-6°C for 14 days and tested in respect of microbiological (number of lactococci) and physicochemical properties (pH, titrable acidity, fat acidity, cholesterol content). During the 14-day refrigerating storage, the number of lactococci and pH did not change. Titrable acidity and fat acidity increased negligible. After the 14-day refrigerating storage, the decrease of the cholesterol content was observed. The decrease of cholesterol content in sour cream was over 35% in comparison with cholesterol content in sweet cream used for sour cream production and stored for 14 days at the same conditions as sour cream.
The aim of this work was to develop a multifunctional reactor to cany out the enzymatic process of biodegradation of tannins. An integrated reaction system consists of a stirred tank reactor and a spiral-wound membrane module. The system was used for simultaneous reaction and product separation during the enzymatic hydrolysis of tannic acid.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of long-time continuouswine fermentation on yeast morphology. The process of fermentation was carried out in medium of high sugar concentration (about 320 g/dm^), for 3,5months, at 22°C in 4 columns fermentor (4 series). In this experiment, wineyeast Saccharomyces bayanus strain S.O./1AD from the Collection of Pure Culturesof the Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology of Warsaw Agriculture University was used. Yeast was immobilized on foam glass. In this study,before and after immobilization (after finished fermentation) the cells were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and computer imageanalysis. It was stated that yeast after 3,5 months of continuous fermentationwas bigger and showed morphological and intracellular changes in comparisonwith cells before this process. Before immobilization yeast was ovoid, single orbudding cells. Various shapes of cells were observed after immobilization: elongated, in the shape of “pear”, very big round and “pseudomycelia”. In “pseudomycelium”, the cells remained firmly connected by their cell walls and cytoplasm. In some cells, degeneration of cytoplasmic content was observed, too.These cells contained “granularity”. The results show that long-time, continuous fermentation in high sugar medium causes negative changes ofyeast cells.
The aim ofthe investigation was the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film modified with Bionolle®. The samples in the form of compositefilms were prepared by homogenization and extrusion. The biodegradation process was performed in the laboratory scale or under environmental conditions.The examined films were placed into different media and incubated in the presence of fungi Aspergillus niger, PenidUium funiculosum and mixed fungi inoculum.Any changes in the various properties of the films after biodegradation weremonitored by weight loss, optical and scanning electron microscopy and FTIRspectroscopy. The results of the study have proved that fungal growth on thepolymer samples containing low amount of polyester depends on the presenceof nutrients in media. Sucrose inhibited polymer disintegration more stronglythan nutrient broth. FTIR analysis revealed that filamentous fungi biodegradednot only polyester, but also polyethylene. On the contrary, LDPE incubated insoil did not exhibit any chemical changes. This highly hydrophobic polymer wasmore susceptible to biodegradation only in the presence of Bionolle®
The aim ofthe performed investigations was to determine which part oftheembryo has the optimal properties for callus induction at low concentrations of2,4-D (2 mg dm-3).The explants were cut along or across the embryo axis into 2, 3, 4 fragments and cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium for 6 weeks. It wasfound that callus derived from mature embryos (dry seeds) is characterised bycomparable fresh and dry mass and by similar changes in size of the cells withfragments derived from mature embryos (but before the dormant) and from immature embryos. Essential difference was observed in the germination ability ofthe explants. The percentage of germination of mature embryo fragments wasthe lowest. It was demonstrated that despite of the embryo type, fragmentsoriginating from its central part appeared the most suitable for in vitro culture.In the case of these fragments the highest increase of the fresh mass of callustissue, optimal morphological features and the appearance of meristematic centres were observed.
Air-lift laboratory bioreactor for plant cell culture was improved. Diameter of the upper partof the bioreactor was expanded from 155 to 220 mm. Function of a draughtube was changedfrom a suspension riser to a downcomer. Instead of original aeration tube with holes stainlesssteel sintered air sparger was introduced. As a result the aeration rate was reduced sixfold forthe same kLa value, and the culture foaming and cell deposit on the bioreactor wall was markedlylimited.
Air-lift loop fermenters are briefly characterised in the paper. Two-zone mathematical model of mass transfer in air-lift fermenters for various systems of gas and liquid flow models (ideal mixing, plug flow, axial dispersion) is proposed. The example of identification of this model using experimental data^ of oxygen transfer in the liquid phase in an external-loop air-lift fermentor of operating volume 21 dm is quoted. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients kia are determined for various aeration rates.
Allergy is a complex genetic disorder contributing numerous genes, especially involved in Th2 immunity and IgE synthesis. Additional, environmental factors like: allergens exposure, cigarette smoke, pollutants, infectious agents and many others, have influence in allergy development. With DNA microarray technology it is possible to search for genes expression profiles of all interacting genes in pararel and learn more about the mechanism of allergy. These research include genes expression profiling of different model organisms (human, mice, monkey) and cell cultures.
Although a variety of hepatitis B marker are available to discriminate different states ofhepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, there is a serious need to detect HBV DNA itself. For thisreason, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the most sensitive new technology, seems to be thebest method. Indications for analysis of HBV DNA include early recognition of chronic hepatitisB, detection of HBV mutants, the study of interferon therapy results and many others.
Ambient air contains a large number of chemical substances including mutagens and carcinogenssuch as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), derivatives of PAHs and others. Exposure to airborne particulate pollutants represents an increased risk to human, so it seemed important to investigate genotoxicactivity of airborne material, especially in heavily industrialized and urban areas. Short-term biologicaltests such as the Ames test, sister chromatid exchange assay, micronucleus assay, cell transformationassay, chromosomal aberratrion test were used for estimating genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenicpotential of air pollutants.
Amino acid fermentation has grown into a global industry. Market development has been particularly dynamic for the flavor-enhancer glutamate and animal feed amino acids: L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan. These amino acids are manufactured using high performance Corynebacterium glutamicum. Production strains have been traditionally constructed by repeating random mutation and selection. This classical method has generated a variety of mutation, such as auxotrophs, analog-resistant mutants and transport mutants. The complete genome sequence of the wild-type strain of C. glutamicum has been established and analysed to improve the understending of the molecular biology and physiology of this organism. A novel methodology that merges genomics with classical strains improvement has been developed and applied for the reconstruction of classicaly derived production strains. In addition, modern technologies such as metabolic flux analysis and metabolic control analysis have enabled quantification of carbon fluxes. The fundamental information obtained has been the basis for further strain improvement.
Ammi visnaga (Umbelliferae) are subtropical annual plants, which contain twogroups of pharmaceutically important substances: furanochromones and piranocoumarins. In order to check the possibility of the production of secondarymetabolites, in vitro cultures of callus and cell suspension were established. Thestudy was concentrated on the induction of production of secondary metabolites by exposing callus and cell suspension cultures to abiotic elicitors: acetylsalicylic acid, jasmonic acid and suspension of silicon dioxide and biotic elicitors;autoclaved lysates ofEnterobacter sakazaki and scleroglucan. Thin layer chromatography of methanol extracts of cultures ofA. visnaga did not indicate high induction of secondary metabolites production. Treatment of the callus culturesofA. visnaga with acetylsalicylic acid or jasmonic acid induce accumulation offuranochromone - visnagin and piranocoumarin - samidin. Exposing the callusand cell suspension cultures to the suspension of silicon dioxide indicated aninduction of accumulation of furanochromone - kelolglucoside. Further research will concentrate on quantitative determination of the level of accumulatedcompounds
Among anionic surfactants, two of the major groups in current use are linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and alkyl ether sulphates. They pass into the wastewater treatment plants, where they are usually aerobically degraded, and next their remnants and biodegradation products enter the environment. The influence of wastewater containing the anionic surfactants at concentrations from 0.5 to 58 mg L ' on seed germination was investigated. The tested waste- water came from the lab-scale biodegradation experiments conducted in the continuous flow system. Four different plants: mustard {Sinapsis alba), cress (Lepidium sativum), rye (Secale cereale) and wheat {Triticum aestivum) were employed in the tests. In order to evaluate the inhibition of seed germination, the germination index was calculated. It occurred that sodium alkylbenzene sulpho- nate inhibited seed germination of the rapidly growing plants (mustard and cress), starting with 10 mg L ' in the effluent, while sodium alkyltrioxyethylene sulphate exerted the toxic effect at the concentrations above 30 mg L ' for all tested plants. Mustard {Sinapsis alba) was most sensitive to the anionic surfactants exposure and could be used as a bioindicator within the phytotoxicity tests concerning anionics.
The amount of synthetic wastes has been increasing all around the world, including Poland.Used packages cause serious economic and environmental problems because they are hardlydegradable, long-life products. New packing materials have been developed which are biodegradable under natural conditions.
An approach for enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides via transglycosylation with endo-p1,3-glucanase from Oerskovia xanthineolytica is described. Linear -p-l,3-glucan (laminarin) wasused as the donor of glycosyl residues, whereas nitrophenyl glycosides of different monosaccharides served as acceptors. The synthesis was performed in water-organic solvent environmentwith several combinations of donor/acceptor. Employing p-nitrophenyl-P-D-xylopyranoside as anacceptor in the presence of 30% acetonitrile resulted in the production of six new glycosidesshown by FAB MS to be di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides. This enzyme is therefore suitable for thesynthesis of short-chain oligosaccharides.
An attempt has been made to obtain cell suspension from callus as well as directly from cotyledons P. nil. Cotyledons of 7-days old sterile seedlings and flower buds excised from 3-week old plants were the material for the induction of callus. The explants were laid out on MS medium supplemented with various combination of plant hormones; BAP (5 mg/1) and NAA (1 mg/1) and supplemented with 3% sucrose or 2% glucose and \% sucrose, BAP (5 mg/I) and I/\A (0,5 mg/I), BAP (0,5 mg/1) and Picloram (1 mg/I), BAP (5 mg/1) and Picloram (0,5 mg/1), 2,4-D (0,125 mg/1). The cultures were grown in continuous white light or in darkness. The callus obtained from cotyledons cultivated in darkness and callus from flower buds cultivated in light on MS medium with BAP (5 mg/1), N/\A (I mg/1), 2% glucose and ]% sucrose were proved useful for obtaining cell suspension. Moreover, an attempt was made to obtain cell suspension directly from cotyledons. Cotyledons were cut into small fragments or were subjected to enzymatic digestion. The cell suspensions were cultivated on MS medium with the addition of BAP (5 mg/1) and l/\A (0,5 mg/I) on a shaker at 140 rpm. The increase of cell number was determined by counting the cells every 5 days. In the subsequent subcultures, a decrease of the number of cell divisions was observed.
An efficient method for genetic Agrobacterium tumejaciens-mediated transformation of fivecultivars Gerbera hybrida was established. The youngest leaves and shoot tips from proliferatingin vitro cultures were co-cultivated with disarmed strain LBA 4404/pBI121 carrying the chimaericgenes nptll and gus. The inoculated explants were repeatedly cultured on regeneration mediumwith kanamycin and Biotaksym. After 9-10 months from 0.04 to 0.25 independently transformedshoots from one inoculated leaf and from 0.06 to 0.65 from one inoculated shoot tip wereobtained, depending on cultivar and additional treatment. Transformed shoots accounted for 5.0to 50.0% of all regenerated shoots. Additional wounding of leaves before inoculation by squeezingand scratching off increased transformation efficiency. Better results for recalcitrant to regeneration cultivars were obtained if squeezed shoot tips were inoculated. Regenerating shoots wereselected on kanamycin, screened for gas expression with X-gluc and tested by PCR for nptlland gus genes. All together 162 transgenic shoots were obtained in cvs Amber, Boy, Ferrari,Mariola and Tamara, but only 24 relatively stable lines were established.
An endophyte is a microorganism that spends most of its life cycle interor intra-cellularily of the host organism without causing its disease. As a resultof the high frequency of endophytes in plants, it is virtually impossible to isolate tissue or cell explants free from contaminants. Consequently, preculture(i.e. “stage 0”) is necessary before disinfecting and stabilisation of in vitro cultures, to eliminate explants that are sources of persistent contamination. Particularly dangerous are latent bacterial contaminants, which initially do not causeany symptoms and are propagated with plant material. Their presence becomesconspicuous after the passage to a sucrose-free medium or after transplantationto the soil.
An exceptional muscle development in some meat-producing animals is due to the increasein the number of muscle fibers (hyperplasia) or increase in their individual diameter (hypertrophy). The genetic mechanism of the former is well known. It results from mutation in themyostatin gene. The determination of muscular hypertrophy is poorly understood. In pigs thisphenomenon is associated with muscular hypermetabolism and contraction induced by stress.
An extracellular lipase (glycerol ester hydrolases E.C. 3.1.1.3.) was isolated from a culturefiltrate of Penicillium citńnum. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration and chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B. The enzyme was 400-foldpurified with 9.66% yield. The molecular weight has been estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions at 26 000. On the other hand, lipase forms active dimersand tetramers aggregates as observed after native PAGE. Lipase from Penicillium citrinum showeda preference for triacylglycerols. It is non-specific and hydrolyzes each of the three ester bondsof triacylglycerols. The enzyme showed a maximum activity at pH 7.2 at 30°C and was stablein the range of pH 6.0-7.5 and the temperature of 10°C - 40°C.
An installation for continuous thermal sterilization with steam injection into liquid, constructed within the research project CPBP 0.4.11., has been presented. The installation output is 0,05 to 0,25° m/h. Feasible sterilization conditions: temperature up to 150°C, holding time to 200 s.To determine the sterilization efficiency, a direct method was applied. A liquid containing a defined number of microorganisms was introduced to the sterilizer. Two strains of Bacillus were used. Next, the number of microorganisms was determined in the liquid after sterilization.Tests confirmed full applicability of the installation for continuous sterilization of liquids.
An open-pore agar matrix has been shown to be suitable for the entrapment of Candidapseudotropicalis whole cells are used in reactions that involve cell growth and gas evolution.The basic conditions for lactose fermentation by immobilized yeast cells i.e. inoculum quantity,pH, temperature and culture time were standardized.It was shown that yeast cells immobilized in the porous carrier could be used repeatedly inthe batch fermentation system for seven 36 h cycles without any substantial loss in ethanol yield,and beads of porous agar with entrapped cells did not ru])ture, even after periods of 18 d of use.
An optimization of enzymatic synthesis of esters in nonwater environment was performedby means of a gradient method. The studies were aimed at obtaining a model synthesis of buthyloleate catalyzed by MucorJavanicus T45 lipase.
An overview is given of various biotechnical carbohydrate modifications. Fermentations involving complex fermention patways for the production of specialty carbohydrates are mentioned.Bioconversions involving a single enzyme are discusssed. Enzymatic conversions involving dehydrogenases, oxidases and tranferases are discussed in detail.
An overview of the prospects for application of supercritical fluid technology in bioprocessengineering is given. Recent investigations on the application of dense gases in biocatalysis,particles formation, separation and purification of biologically active compounds are criticallyreviewed.
The anaerobic-anoxic process has been proposed as an alternative to conventional anaerobic-aerobic process for biological phosphorus removal. In this process, phosphate-accumulating bacteria utilize nitrate or nitrite as an electron acceptor instead of oxygen, so phosphorus and nitrogen are removed simultaneously by one group of heterotrophic microorganisms. Advantages of this process are the possibility of saving COD and energy as well as reduction of sludge production. The paper reviews literature on the application of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process for treating municipal wastewater, analyses methods for determining the fraction of denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms in P-removing sludge, and characterizes problems with bacteria isolation and identification.
The analysis of computer control has been presented from the point of data related with biologicalprocess. The aim has been to stress the practical bearings of the development of the complex computercontrol systems. Data have been examined due to their basic features: hierarchy, structure and volume.The idea of putting structure and hierarchy onto data by use of the flow channels has been presented. Basing upon this idea, a comparision has been made among different ways of data visualization and economic storage for archival purposes. The interrelations among control program structure and functions dueto processed data has been demonstrated.
The analysis of the experiments on somatic cloning of mammals revealsthat possibly there is a group of cells whose nuclei have greater developmentalpotential than those of other cells. The group comprises cells of a particular developmental lineage, namely those originating from embryonic mesenchymeand mesoderm. It remains to be elucidated if somatic cells effectively used forcloning are terminally differentiated, not yet fully differentiated or if they arestem cells.
Animal reproduction biotechnology is an area of fast development with possibilities of practical applications not only in breeding, but in pharmacy and biomedicine as well. Its growth has been achieved thanks to the results of last decades of the previous century in embryology, endocrinology, and molecular biology. The paper contains very brief description of the achievements of NRIAP Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology during the last 20 years in mammalian sex regulation, cryobiology of gametes and embryos, in vitro production of embryos, cloning and animal transgenesis.
Animals possess an inducible antibody immune system that acts as a defense against diseases. It is known that plants can also be actively immunized against disease-causing pathogens. This phenomenon is a result of the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR).This article discusses recent studies on the role of salicylic acid (SA) in plants during thedevelopment of SAR. The understanding of molecular and physiological background SAR maybe applied in modern agrobiotechnology and pharmaceutical industry.
Anthocyanin accumulating cell lines were established from storage root, leaf and stem explants of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), cv. Ayamurasaki. The call! developed on MSbasal medium enriched with 2,4-D at 27°C accumulated pigments in the dark. The storage rootoriginated suspension culture generated the highest amount of total anthocyanins expressed ascolour value (5.9) followed by the cultures originating from leaf (4.3) and stem (1.7). The culturesdisplayed similar anthocyanin profile regardless of source of explants. The major pigmentsderived from suspension cultures appeared with earlier retention time on ODS-column HPLCthan the YGM pigments accumulated in vivo, which suggests that they are highly hydrophilicand have simpler chemical structure.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides are well known as specific inhibitors of targeted genes expression. In this paper we demonstrate that antisenses could be applied for the investigation ofthe molecular mechanisms activated by oncogenes. These studies may identify new targets forantisense treatment of tumors.
Antisense oligonucleotides (asODN) have recently been used to block specific gene expressionin the rodent brain. Their targets include subunits of receptors for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and transcription factors, i.e. those proteins, whose other blockers are not known.Successful applications of the asODN require good understanding of their pharmacokinetics,mechanisms of action and side effects in the brain. Unfortunately, very little is known in thisregard. Both intraventricular and intrastructure route of administration of phosphorodiester (O- ODN) and phosphorothioate (S - ODN) ODN to the brain were effectively employed. However,doses used, even in the case of the same analog, differ up to two orders of magnitude. Sincetranslation arrest is believed to be an effective mechanism of ODN activity in the brain, mostof the authors target the ODN to the mRNA region including the translation codon, but thereare almost no studies of the target mRNA levels. The paper reviews the recent development inthis field, offering critical evaluation of the data.
Any different strategies used by higher plants to win the life competition,always involve chemical interactions between organisms. Allelochemicals arestandard chemical weapons not only in the case of toxic plants; they are alsopresent in common vegetables such as carrot. Numerous chemical compoundssynthesised in carrot tissues, such as asarones, chlorogenic acid, trans-2-nonenal, and sesquiterpenes show allelopatic activity
The application of high pressure for biological macromolecules investigations was an objectof interest already in the beginning of this century. Recently, attention has been paid to thismethod because of its possible applications in biotechnology.In this paper, we summarized the data existing in the literature on the mechanism of highpressure effects on proteins and nucleic acids. We also reviewed various practical applicationsof high pressure, especially in food industry.
The application of RNA assay and N-acetyloglucosamine determination in activated sludge wastewater treatment processes as well as biodegradation of organic solid waste suspension are presented. The conducted experiments proved that both methods can be successfully used for biomass determination in the samples containing much solid particles during waste and wastewater biodegradation. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) for both measurements are similar and ranged from 0.73 to 4.6%.
The application of tools of molecular biology has led to a profound increase in our currentunderstamding of the nature of genetic information transformations during life cycle of variousorganisms. RNA editing and scrambled genes are examples. Both have some practical implications.
Applications of new techniques such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polymerase chainreaction (PCR) to veterinary diagnosis are presented. The conventional diagnostic method usedin veterinary medicine are usually expensive and time consuming; also, they do not allow forthe determination of antigenic structure or do not differentiate between field and vaccine viruses.Using of both specific MAbs and PCR amplification technique in laboratory diagnosis enableprecise diagnosis of viral and bacterial diseases of animals and may help to solve the diagnositicproblems.
Applications of supercritical fluid technology in enzymatic biocatalysis is reviewed. The nfluence of the pressure, moisture level and entrainers on the performance of enzymatic reactiorsin supercritical CO2 are discussed.
Aquaporins are membrane proteins that facilitate water transport across the membranes in various microorganisms, plants and animals. Plant aquaporins are divided into four groups based on the amino acid sequence similarities and intracellular localization; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) and small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). We found 35 EST sequences homologous to 3’ and 5’ termini of the partial cDNA of P. nil in the GenBank NCBl database. cDNA encoding full length aquaporin of P. nil was cloned with the use of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 1189 bp full length cDNA sequence of aquaporin P. nil {PnPIPl} was obtained. Analysis of protein hydropathy indicated that cloned part of PnPIPl contained the NPA motif (Asn-Pro-Ala) that is present in all known aquaporins. The amino acid sequence of the PnPIPl protein exhibits 90, 89 and 88% sequence similarity to Petunio x hybrida, Nicotiana excelior and Fraxinus excelsior aquaporins respectively. We showed that the EST database is a useful tool for identification of the complete cDNA of known genes.
Aromatic compounds in the environment can be of natural or anthropological origins. Xenobiotic arenes are found to be weakly degraded because of the presence of stable aromatic ring (due to the delocalization of their n orbitals) and different constituents which can impede biodegradation rate. That’s why the cleavage of aromatic ring by dioxygenases of bacterial origin is the critical step in removing of theses xenobiotics from environment. Also, monooxygenases play important role in biotransformation of the initial structure to one of the central intermediates: catechol, hydroquinone, protocatechuate or genti- sate. In biodegradation of haloaromatics, dehalogenases are the essential enzymes in removing these xenobiotics.
The arrival of the post-genomic era has allowed the regulation of every gene or protein of an organism to be studied at once using microarrays for transcriptomic studies, proteomics to analyse gene products, and metabolomics to study the complete complement of products and intermediary metabolites produced by a single person or a single organism. Too often the results of such enterprises are disappointing either because many of the products cannot be identified, or because they are products of genes of unknown function. Success is far more likely to be achieved if the organism to be exploited is thoroughly understood at the levels of genome organisation, regulation, physiology and biochemistry.
The article briefly presents the design and chemical synthesis of parallel stranded DNA withformation of reverse Watson-Crick base pairs. Tchurikov et al. attempted an analysis of parallelRNA-RNA duplex formation. Single stranded RNA, prepared by in vitro transcription with T7polymerase using and ^H nucleoside 5’-triphosphates, were appropriately hybridized andanalysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis prior and after RNase A digestion. Results obtained allow to conclude on the formation of parallel stranded, RNA stable to RNase A. Thepresented data show the importance of intramolecular parallel association of the single strandedRNA during its folding.
The article contains information regarding the similarities and differencesbetween proteins of the thiol-activated cytolysins family (TACY). Members ofthis group of haemolysins are produced by several species of Gram-positive bacteria {Listeria spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp.,) and also byGram-negative Klebsiella spp. Their cytolytic activity is sensitive to oxygen andcan be restored by adding reducing compounds. TACY bind to cholesterol-containing membranes to form pores. Preincubation of the toxin with smallamounts of cholesterol inhibits hemolytic activity as well as cytolysis ofeucaryotic cells. Members ofthe group show 40-70% similarity in amino acid sequence, and contain an almost invariant Trp-rich undecapeptide sequence(ECTGLAWEWWR). The TACY are important virulence factors. Recently increased use has been made of molecular methods (PCR, hybridization) in the detection and identification of the TACY producing bacteria.
The article describes an experimental and clinical procedure necessary to acknowledge a synthetic chemical compound or natural product as an antitumor drug. A battery of basic tests, with their limitations, used for selection of active compounds and determination of their antitumor properties is presented. Particular steps of clinical investigation designed to let a drug to be used in cancer therapy are described Results of application of selected drugs are put together with data derived from epidemiology of cancer diseases.
The article presents the principles of liquid-liquid extraction in aqueoustwo-phase systems which offer a great potential for the recovery and purification of various biomolecules, cells and organelles from fermentation slurries.These systems consisting of a solution of two polymers (e.g. polyethylene glycol/dextran), polymer and salt (e.g. polyethylene glycol/phosphate) or athermoseparating polymer (oxyethylene-oxypropylene copolymer) offer mildseparation conditions due to the high concentration of water, which makesthem suitable for biotechnology applications.
The article provides a brief analysis of the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. Apart from describing the general principles of the European patent system, the author presents both the provisions of the Directive 98/44/ECof 6 July 1998 and a new Chapter VI of the Implementing Regulations to the European Patent Convention. The analyses focus on the concept of patentable biotechnological inventions, scope of protection, exceptions to patentability. Certain special issues related to human genes as patentable subject matter are alsodiscussed. The last part ofthe article deals with the question ofthe patenting ofgenetically modified plants in present practice of the European Patent Office(Transgenic plant/Novartis II case).
The article reviews the development of molecular Investigations of the genus Mycobacterium.Achievements and difficulties of the genetics of mycobacteria are presented. Vectors and selectable markers commonly used in genetic manipulations and methods of introduction of foreignDNA into mycobacteria are described. The stress is laid not only on the research of the virulentmycobacteria, but also on molecular investigations of the non-pathogenic strains used in steroiddrugs industry.
The article reviews the progress of investigations of p-galactosidases from microbial sources. These enzymes show great differences in optimal conditions of lactosehydrolysis and their utilisation creates new possibilities to improve milk and milkby-products processing. Some p-galactosidases from extreme thermophiles have significant activity above 100°C. Possible applications and interrelationship of both molecular structure and thermostability of these enzymes are also discussed.
Artificial seeds, consisting of somatic embryos encapsulated with protective coating, havebeen proposed as a propagation system of plant propagation. Two types of artificial seeds havebeen developed, hydrated immobUlzed in hydrogels, and desiccated. The process of somaticembriogenesls runs In some steps. At first, the embryogenlc tissue able to grow in suspensionculture must be isolated. Subsequently, this tissue should be inducted by some auxins andkinetins Introduced to the liquid medium to start the embryogenesis. The development andmaturation of embryos carry out in special media. To scale up this process the buble columnand air-lift bioreactors are used. The more frequently material to encapsulate the somaticembryos is alginate hydrogel. The main problem in production of good quality artificial seeds islow efficiency of embryos conversion to normal plant in soil.
As a result of the Human Genome Project and announcement of the project: Archon X Prize for Genomics “genome for 1000$’’, the sequencing technology made huge progress. The purpose was to develop radically new technology that would dramatically reduce the time and cost of sequencing and resequencing eukaryotic genomes (or large region), and transcriptomes. This progress has influenced many areas also widely understood biotechnology. Owing to comparative genomic and sequenced genomes, new opportunities have occurred such as acceleration of genomic polymorphism identification, genes and genome structure prediction. It has also stimulated the development of assignation of functional effect of SNP, CNP or INDEI. polymorphism and enabled functional and structural annotation of genome, establishment of a net of genome interaction (netoms) and netom’s controlling. Genetic and physical mapping of genome elements methods undergo considerable alterations, thus they become critical in association metbodology of genome and their function. The analysis of metabolic network and its elements is basic in planning activities in new biotechnology. Here we present the achievements in cucumber which were possible due to sequencing the genome of this species by our team.
Prev
1
2
3
of
19
Next
This page uses 'cookies'.
More information
I understand