@misc{Żukowska_Sandra._Autor_Transport_2024,
 author={Żukowska, Sandra. Autor and Chmiel, Beata. Autor and Sydorów, Martyna. Autor},
 volume={96},
 number={2},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Przegląd Geograficzny},
 journal={Przegląd Geograficzny},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={IGiPZ PAN},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The importance of the transport sector to socio-economic development is beyond dispute – as was made clear in Poland from 2004 onwards. Access to the European market has combined with the influence of European regulations on the operation of freight and passenger transport to make possible both the modernisation of this sector of the economy and regulation of the ownership of once-state-owned PKS and PKP companies in bus and rail transport. Nevertheless, this has not contributed to a reversal of a negative trend entailing a decline in regional public collective transport by either bus or rail. The less-developed and peripheral regions were disconnected from public transport (PT) in the 1990s a circumstance that intensified their marginalisation and slowed their socio-economic development. Particularly acute for rural communities was the inability to commute to work, school, or the nearest district town. The phenomenon of lack of access to transport is called transport exclusion. Its occurrence correlates positively with the prevalence of social exclusion more widely, as well as unemployment or social problems related to the prevalence of alcoholism and violence. In this publication, the authors examined the difficulties associated with the operation of PT in an area threatened by marginalisation in Poland. A case study method was used, for which the region of the Vistula Lagoon, which is located in north-eastern Poland, was selected. The region has a typically agricultural character, with potential for thedevelopment of tourism services. The authors analysed available strategic and planning documents at local, regional, provincial and national levels, the resulting qualitative analysis allowing them to identify difficulties and challenges in the functioning of PT. A SWOT Analysis matrix was then created on their basis. Directions for corrective measures were also identified using available literature. The main conclusion from the analysis concerns the classification of the Vistula Lagoon region as a marginalised and transport-excluded area. The selected example includes all determinants of an excluded area, but there are still remedial measures that can be taken – as identified via the SWOT analysis. It should be noted that many of these ideas are universal in nature, with the barrier to their implementation usually residing in a lack of funding sources rather than a lack of political will on the part of local or regional authorities.  },
 type={Text},
 title={Transport pasażerski na przykładzie gmin Zalewu Wiślanego: wyzwania i problemy = Passenger transport as exemplified by the local-authority areas around the Vistula Lagoon: challenges and problems},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/241757/WA51_277969_r2024-t96-nr2_Przeg-Geogr-Zukowska.pdf},
 keywords={regional transport, social marginalization, transport exclusion, socio-economic exclusion, Vistula Lagoon, Poland},
}