Przegląd Geograficzny T. 93 z. 1 (2021)
This article presents research into the meteorological conditions underpinning the development of night thunderstorms in Poland. The main objective was thus to identify the synoptic situations favouring nocturnal thunderstorms, as well as to determine which convection indices are of greatest relevance to forecasts of this type of thunderstorm. The research detailed here was carried out by analysing cloud-to-ground lightning flashes registered in Poland in the years 2002‑2018 via the PERUN system. ERA 5 reanalysis was used to obtain relevant atmospheric parameters and convection indices. In addition, synoptic analysis was carried out for specified thunderstorms, with their dominant structure also determined. No fewer than 1.5 million cloud-to-ground lightning flashes were analysed for the purposes of this study. These data making it clear that the development of nocturnal thunderstorms is favoured primarily in conditions of a waving front, cold front or wind convergence line. In all cases, the jet stream in the upper troposphere emerged as an additional factor increasing the development and activity of nocturnal thunderstorms.
Augustine, J.A., & Caracena, F. (1994). Lower-tropospheric precursors to nocturnal MCS development over the Central United States. Weather Forecasting, 9, 116‑135.
Bąkowski, R. (2005). Wybrane analityczne i prognostyczne wskaźniki chwiejności atmosfery. W: M. Ozga-Zielińska, & D. Limanówka (red.), Hydrologia, meteorologia i klimatologia: badania naukowe i prognozy w erze informatyzacji. Seria Monografie (s. 209‑218). Warszawa: IMGW.
Bąkowski, R., & Bielec-Bąkowska, Z. (2005). Wybrane przypadki wystąpienia groźnych zjawisk atmosferycznych w Polsce w ostatnich latach. W: E. Bogdanowicz, U. Kossowska-Cezak, & J. Szkutnicki (red.), Ekstremalne zjawiska hydrologiczne i meteorologiczne. Seria Monografie (s. 325‑335). Warszawa: IMGW.
Bielec-Bąkowska, Z. (2002). Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i zmienność wieloletnia występowania burz w Polsce (1949‑1998). Katowice: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Brooks, H.E., Lee, J.W., & Craven, J.P. (2003). The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data. Atmospheric Research, 67‑68, 73‑94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169‑8095 (03)00045‑0
Doswell, C.A., Brooks, H.E., & Maddox, R.A. (1996). Flash flood forecasting: an ingredients-based methodology, Weather and Forecasting, 11, 560‑581. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‑0434 (1996)011<0560:FFFAIB>2.0.CO; 2
Gebauer, J.G., Shapiro, A., Fedorovich, E., & Klein, P. (2018). Convection initiation caused by heterogeneous low-level jets over the Great Plains. Monthly Weather Review, 146, 2615‑2637. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18‑0002.1
Geerts, B., Parsons, D., Ziegler, C., Weckwerth, T., Biggerstaff, M., Clark, R., Coniglio, M., Demoz, B., Ferrare, R., Gallus, W., Haghi, K., Hanesiak, J., Klein, P., Knupp, K., Kosiba, K., McFarquhar, G., Moore, J., Nehrir, A., Parker, M., Pinto, J., Rauber, R., Schmuacher, R., Truner, D., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wang, Z., & Wurman, J. (2017). The 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night Field Project. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 98(4), 767‑786. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15‑00257.1
Grabowska, K. (2011). Przebieg roczny i dobowy burz w klimacie umiarkowanym morskim, przejściowym i kontynentalnym (na przykładzie Londynu, Warszawy i Moskwy). Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 47, 463‑471.
Grasmick, C., Geerts, B., Turner, D.D., Wang, Z., & Weckwerth, T.M. (2018). The relation between nocturnal MCS evolution and its outflow boundaries in the stable boundary layer: an observational study of the 15 July 2015 MCS in PECAN. Monthly Weather Review, 146, 3203‑3226. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18‑0169.1
Kolendowicz, L. (2006). Synoptic situation favorable for violent thunderstorms on the area of Poland. The International Journal of Meteorology, 306(31), 49‑56.
Kolendowicz, L. (2012). Synoptic patterns associated with thunderstorms in Poland. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2), 145‑156.
Kożuchowski, K. (2020). Meteorologia i klimatologia. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Loveless, D.M., Wagner, T.J., Turner, D.D., Ackerman, SA, & Feltz, W.F. (2019). A composite perspective on bore passages during the PECAN campaign. Monthly Weather Review, 147, 1395‑1413. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18‑0291.1
Maddox, R.A. (1983). Large-scale meteorological conditions associated with mid-latitude mesoscale convective complexes. Monthly Weather Review, 111, 1475‑1493.
Malinowska, M. (2011). Variability of chosen instability indices in Poland in XXI century. Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 47, 97‑107.
Markowski, P., & Richardson, Y. (2010). Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marsham, J., Trier, S., Wecwerth, T., & Wilson, J. (2011). Observations of elevated convection initiation leading to a surface-based squall line during 13 June IHOP 2002. Monthly Weather Review, 139, 247‑271.
Moore, J., Glass, F., Graves, C., Rochette, S., & Singer, M. (2003). The environment of warm-season elevated thunderstorms associated with heavy rainfall over Central United States. Weather Forecasting, 18(5), 861‑878. https://doi.org/10.1175/15200434 (2003)018<0861:TEOWET>2.0.CO; 2
Mueller, D., Geerts, B., Wang, Z., Deng, M., & Grasmick, C. (2017). Evolution and vertical structure of an undular bore observed on 20 June 2015 during PECAN. Monthly Weather Review, 145, 3775‑3794. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16‑0305.1
Parish, T.R. (2016). A comparative study of the 3 June 2015 Great Plains low-level jet. MonthlyWeather Review, 144, 2963‑2979. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16‑0071.1
Parker, M.D., Borchardt, B.S., Miller, R.L., & Ziegler, C.L. (2019). Simulated evolution and severe wind production by the 25‑26 June 2015 nocturnal MCS from PECAN. Monthly Weather Review, 148, 183‑209. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-19‑0072.1
Reif, D.W., & Bluestein, H.B. (2017). A 20-year climatology of nocturnal convection initiation over the central and southern Great Plains during the warm season. Monthly Weather Review, 145, 1615‑1639. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16‑0340.1
Reif, D.W., & Bluestein, H.B. (2018). Initiation mechanisms of nocturnal convection without nearby surface boundaries over the central and southern Great Plains during the warm season. Monthly Weather Review, 146, 3053‑3078. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18‑0040.1
Rochette, S.M., Moore, J.T., & Market, P.S. (1999). The importance of parcel choice in elevated CAPE computations. National Weather Digest, 23, 20‑32.
Siedlecki, M., & Rzepa, M. (2008). Charakterystyka całkowitej energii chwiejności atmosfery nad Europą w latach 1991‑2003. Przegląd Geofizyczny, 53(1), 43-54.
Smith, B., Thompson, R., Grams, J., Broyles, C., & Brooks, H. (2012). Convective modes for significant thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part I: storms classification and climatology, Weather Forecasting, 27(5), 1114‑1135. https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-11‑00115.1
Stopa-Boryczka, M. (1962). Burze w Polsce. Prace Geograficzne, 34. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii PAN.
Taszarek, M., Czernecki, B., & Kozioł, A. (2015). A cloud-to-ground lightning climatology for Poland. Monthly Weather Review, 143, 4285‑4304.
Thompson, R.L., Mead, C.M., & Edwards, R. (2007). Effective storm-relative helicity and bulk shear in supercell thunderstorm environments. Weather and Forecasting, 22, 102‑115. https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF969.1
Trier, S., Davis, C., Ahijevych, D., Weisman, M., & Bryan, G. (2006). Mechanisms supporting longlived episodes of propagating nocturnal convection within a 7-day WRF model simulation. Journal Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 2437‑2461.
Twardosz, R., Niedźwiedź, T., & Łupikasza, E. (2010). Burze w Krakowie i ich uwarunkowania cyrkulacyjne. W: T. Ciupa, & R. Suligowski (red.), Woda w badaniach geograficznych (s. 303‑313). Kielce: Instytut Geografii, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego.
Ustrnul, Z., & Czekierda, D. (2009). Atlas ekstremalnych zjawisk meteorologicznych oraz sytuacji synoptycznych w Polsce, Warszawa: Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej.
Walawender, E., Kielar, R., & Ustrnul, Z. (2015). Use of RegCM gridded dataset for thunderstorm favorable conditions analysis over Poland-climatological approach. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 127, 229‑240.
Wilson, J., & Roberts, R. (2006). Summary of convective storm initiation and evolution during IHOP: Observational and modeling perspective. Monthly Weather Review, 134, 23‑47. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3069.1
oai:rcin.org.pl:182727 ; 0033-2143 (print) ; 2300-8466 (on-line) ; 10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.2
CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.181, Cz.3136, Cz.4187 ; click here to follow the link
Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license
Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences
May 13, 2021
Apr 12, 2021
1169
https://rcin.org.pl/igipz/publication/214335
Palarz, Angelika Celiński-Mysław, Daniel
Sobczyński, Marek
Somorowska, Urszula
Wibig, Joanna
Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne. Komisja Obszarów Wiejskich. Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. Zespół Badań Obszarów Wiejskich.