Metadata language
Armia rosyjska w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1815-1856
Subtitle:The Russian Army in the Polish Kingdom in 1815–1856
Creator: Contributor:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla
Publisher: Place of publishing: Date issued/created: Description:Wydanie I. ; Bibliography (pages 282-298). Index ; 373 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm ; Summary in English.
Subject and Keywords:Russia - 19th century ; Russia - military history - 1801-1917 ; Russia - armed forces - 19th c. ; Russians - Poland - 19th c.
Abstract:
After the Napoleonic wars were over, the 1815 Congress of Vienna decided to create the Kingdom of Poland as a sovereign state of the Russian partition of Poland. One of the elements of this dependence were the Russian troops stationing in the so-called Congress Poland. The Kingdom of Poland was gradually incorporated into the military structures of the Russian Empire in the analysed period. The analysed time span, between 1815 and 1856, could be divided into two periods, with the dividing line of the November Uprising (1830–1831). In the first period the Kingdom of Poland enjoyed autonomy, with its own constitution and army, while in the second one its autonomy was suppressed, the constitution was replaced by the so-called Organic Statute, and the Polish army was substituted by the Russian army. As regards military matters, the two periods differed in many ways. In 1815–1830, there was a small number of Russian troops stationing in the Kingdom, ca 8500 soldiers. In 1831–1856, there were ca 90 000–100 000 Russian troops in the Kingdom of Poland. It is possible to distinguish two components of the Russian military presence in the Kingdom of Poland. It was a constant component in the form of local troops, and a variable component in the form of units of the Active Army. Rotation of troops is one of the most important differences between the period prior the November Uprising, when the regiments were kept in one place for many years, and after the Uprising, when the units were often moved to other regions. The personnel policy was conducted in accordance with the Russian regulations, with strong imprints left by its commanders in chief: Grand Duke Konstantin (1815–1830) and Ivan Paskevich (1831–1856). In 1815–1830 there were elite guard units with numerous Poles who had served in the Russian guard. In 1831–1856, it was the Active Army that was troops of the line with a different composition, with less educated officers and poor quality drafted soldiers. Short periods of stationing did not favour closer contacts with local people. Too familiar relations with the locals were unwelcomed by superiors and could be regarded as anti-state activity. In the first half of the 19th century, there was a small number of barracks, located in Warsaw and other larger towns of the Kingdom. In 1815–1830, the guard formations were stationed mainly in Warsaw and its neighbourhood. In the second period (1831–1856), a large majority of troops were also quartered in buildings leased by the war department or in civic lodgings. In the winter period, the training took place in the areas of permanent deployment, while in the summer period there were manoeuvres organised with the participation of different types of armed forces. The most important were the manoeuvres near Warsaw, in which participated almost all units of the infantry corps. They were observed by the commander in chief or a member of the ruling house. A practical trial of training quality of the troops was their participation in the numerous conflicts of the analysed period (from the November Uprising of 1830–1831 to the Crimean War of 1853–1856). The military formations were also used for police purposes, especially in a situation of long period of martial law (1833–1856). The Russian formations served as a cadre reservoir for many departments of the Kingdom of Poland, starting from the administration, through the police to the education. An inflow of cadres of military origins was especially evident in the mid-1830s, after a reform of army organisation which made redundant many officers who were appointed state officials. It is evident that the permanent presence of the Russian army wielded a considerable influence on the life of the Kingdom of Poland and its people throughout the whole analysed half-century, much deeper that the army’s primary tasks: the defence of the state borders and maintaining order in the occupied territories.
IH PAN, call no. II.14694 ; IH PAN, call no. II.14693 Podr. ; click here to follow the link
Language: Language of abstract: Rights:Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Bez utworów zależnych 4.0
Terms of use:Zasób chroniony prawem autorskim. [CC BY-ND 4.0 Międzynarodowe] Korzystanie dozwolone zgodnie z licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Bez utworów zależnych 4.0, której pełne postanowienia dostępne są pod adresem: ; -
Digitizing institution:Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Original in:Library of the Institute of History PAS
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