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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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The aim of the study was to determine the importance of soft competencies (social, communication) in the agricultural advisory profession and to identify possible competency gaps. The research was conducted using a self-assessment test of agricultural advisors. A total of 524 agricultural advisors employed in public agricultural advisory centres took part in the study, included in the lists of certified advisors maintained by the Agricultural Advisory Centre in Brwinów. The research focused on the “soft” competencies necessary for the advisory profession. The results of the research can be used by the management of agricultural advisory centres to prepare career development plans for advisors, taking into account the area of “soft” competencies. However, employee self-assessment tests should be complemented with other tools to obtain objective results.
The article presented the results of research on the spatial appearance of the forestfield village in the former area Księstwo Muszyńskie. The aim of the work was to identify chain warblers in the Księstwo Muszyńskie and to characterise them in terms of the shape of the habitat and runners, as well as the arrangement of sacral objects. According to the conducted research, some characteristic features of lying chains have been demonstrated in Księstwo Muszyńskie. All analysed chain systems were characterised by a habitat delimited in one or two-sided built-up. The tracts took the form of compact complexes, with the dominance of sets of long-band plots. The text also showed the spatial regularities of the location of the church/orthodox church in forest-field village: in the middle of the village on the main road in the border of the settlement; in the middle of the village, further away from the road, behind the buildings; within field. The cemetery was located next to a church/orthodox church or within the field (behind the seat).
The purpose of the study was to analyse the determinants of South African citrus exports post era of trade liberalisations using secondary data from 1996 to 2018. The Johansen Cointegration model was used to test the long-run relationship between the citrus export and the determinants in the post era of trade liberalisation and Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to determine the relationship between citrus export in South Africa and the selected determinants post the era of trade liberalisation. The results of the Johansen Cointegration model show the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between citrus exports and the determinants of South African citrus exports. The Ordinary Least Squares regression results provided evidence that citrus production and citrus world market prices are the major influencers of citrus export in South Africa. The Department of Agriculture and the Citrus Associations should make initiatives to ensure an increase in citrus production by promoting development programmes for the citrus producers.
The responsibility of local self-government is to implement a rational financial management policy, on the one hand, and to take development-oriented measures which contribute to improvements in the residents’ standards of living while providing a number of other benefits, on the other. The purpose of this study was to identify the multidimensional relationships between the financial situation of Polish rural communes and their residents’ standards of living. The first part of this paper brought some clarification on the standards of living and on the local government units’ (LGU’s) financial situation. The second part discussed selected findings from a survey carried out with presidents and vice-presidents of municipal councils in January and February 2022. The research procedure included a canonical analysis which identified four statistically significant canonical variates. The greatest and the most statistically significant canonical correlation coefficient was nearly 0.90; for the last statistically significant canonical variate, it was over 0.75.
The study aimed to establish the role of institutions in neoclassical economics and New Institutional Economics (NIE) in the context of supporting agriculture in areas facing natural or other specific constraints (ANC’s areas) in providing society public goods related to the protection of the natural environment. A parallel objective was to indicate, in municipal terms, the state of agriculture in ANC’s areas in comparison with agriculture in other areas, as well as to determine the direction of development of selected measures of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) specifically serving this purpose. These measures are agri-environmental-climate measure (AECM), “organic farming” and afforestation. In addition, statistically significant factors were identified that, in farms from municipalities with exceptionally high saturation of utilised agricultural area (UAA) on ANC’s areas determined their propensity to participate in these measures. To achieve these objectives of the study, domestic and foreign literature on neoclassical economics and NIE was analysed. Data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2004 to 2021 and data from farms present in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2021 were used. It was determined that in 2021 94.1% of the total area of the analysed measures occurred in municipalities with ANC’s areas. In municipalities with an exceptionally high saturation of them, the factor of greater willingness of farms to implement them turned out to be the fact of having less income without operating subsidies per hectare of UAA, the higher educational level of the farmer and his agricultural orientation, the presence of other farms in municipalities participating in these measures, as well as having a larger area of UAA and their location in Natura 2000 areas.
The study aims to assess the price volatility connectedness across agricultural and energy futures markets, and in particular, to identify the markets that are the main sources of price volatility among the markets considered. We analysed volatility spillovers among wheat, maize, rapeseed, Brent oil and natural gas on the Euronext and ICE exchange in the period from January 2017 to January 2023. We used the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz based on a generalised forecast error variance decomposition and its frequency extension of Barunik and Křehlík. The period from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to the beginning of 2023 brings an increase in price volatility in the food and energy markets. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility spillover effect among markets was twice as strong as in 2017–2019, and three times stronger than during the Russia–Ukraine war. The main source of market shocks during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was the rapeseed market, while during the war in Ukraine this role was taken over by the wheat market. The volatility was not immediately transferred, thus providing an opportunity to implement risk management procedures to mitigate the impact of shocks from one market to another.
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