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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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The aim of the article is to present crucial solutions in the field of constitutional structuring of the agricultural system. The comparative analysis of the models of the agricultural system leads to the identification of similarities and differences between six European countries. The study concludes that the socio-economic situation of the country exerts a significant influence over constitutional regulations.
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of soft competencies (social, communication) in the agricultural advisory profession and to identify possible competency gaps. The research was conducted using a self-assessment test of agricultural advisors. A total of 524 agricultural advisors employed in public agricultural advisory centres took part in the study, included in the lists of certified advisors maintained by the Agricultural Advisory Centre in Brwinów. The research focused on the “soft” competencies necessary for the advisory profession. The results of the research can be used by the management of agricultural advisory centres to prepare career development plans for advisors, taking into account the area of “soft” competencies. However, employee self-assessment tests should be complemented with other tools to obtain objective results.
The article presented the results of research on the spatial appearance of the forestfield village in the former area Księstwo Muszyńskie. The aim of the work was to identify chain warblers in the Księstwo Muszyńskie and to characterise them in terms of the shape of the habitat and runners, as well as the arrangement of sacral objects. According to the conducted research, some characteristic features of lying chains have been demonstrated in Księstwo Muszyńskie. All analysed chain systems were characterised by a habitat delimited in one or two-sided built-up. The tracts took the form of compact complexes, with the dominance of sets of long-band plots. The text also showed the spatial regularities of the location of the church/orthodox church in forest-field village: in the middle of the village on the main road in the border of the settlement; in the middle of the village, further away from the road, behind the buildings; within field. The cemetery was located next to a church/orthodox church or within the field (behind the seat).
The influence of Poland's integration with the European Union on changes in the economic situation of Polish agriculture had a special meaning for Poland's economy becouse of the relatively high share of agriculture in the country's economy and delays in the development of rural areas. Poland's accession to EU created possibilities for a swift equalisation of prices, led to an increase in demand and improved agriculture's income opportunities. All these changes brought about an improvement in the price scissors' index and, next, led to the stabilisation of prices. In 2006 growth in agriculture's proceeds exceeded 40% in comparison with 2003, its incomes nearly doubled and the share of EU subsidies in the total agricultural income came close to 50%.
The main aim of this paper is to assess the current food situation in the regions with under-nourishment problem and to determine the agricultural sector's role in the shaping of this situation. Some factors influencing food security and their acting power were discussed. The latest FAO data were used in the analysis.
Optimisation of the vertical organisation of state power is a comprehensive step towards formation of full-functional local governments and an effective system of administrative-territorial organisation of the country. Deciding to decentralize, Ukraine has chosen a model of administrative-territorial system completely different from that of the early 1990s. On the basis of the research conducted, the given article analyses the genesis of scientific approaches to understanding the decentralisation process. The essence, periodisation and stages of power decentralisation in Ukraine, its main features and the purpose of its application to local government are defined. The key opportunities provided by decentralisation for the development of local governments are analysed, and the problems of choosing a form of decentralisation that would optimally take into account the resource potential of a certain territory are examined. The main challenges facing local governments and the central government in the process of implementing the decentralisation reform are identified, especially in the conditions of current Russia’s war against Ukraine. It was concluded that successful implementation of decentralisation reform is possible only with a cohesive community of residents, strong institutions and efficient public administration.
The protection of historic rural settlement systems is often only declarative. Throughout the part of the 20th century and in the 21st century, the landscape of the Polish countryside was influenced by transformations that had a significant impact on its architecture and on the preservation of the values of rural systems. There is also a problem with the number of rural layouts under legal protection. There are about 80 examples of rural settlement entered in the registers of monuments (0.001% of all items entered in the registers). 15 times more urban layouts are protected (1066), which quantitatively exceed the number of localities with legal urban rights (944), so 1 city has 1.15 of the protected urban layout, while 1 village (and there are 52,471 in Poland) has 0.0015 of the protected rural layout. Due to the present situation, the aim of the study was adopted, which is to prepare a method that will allow the evaluation of the historical values of rural systems. It would enable conservators and planners to clearly define which of the rural systems, as well as their individual elements, require preservation, special protection or reconstruction. As part of the research, a research method was adopted, consisting in the analysis of the methodology of valorisation of monuments, landscape, elements of cultural heritage, urban and rural layouts in order to develop a compilation method of valorisation, which was checked on three different settlement layouts: Chochołów, Nowosolna and Cedry Wielkie, which were inventoried in detail. The summary includes reflections on the need to strengthen the protection of rural settlement systems and recommendation for making the developed method of valorisation of rural systems more detailed.
The purpose of the study was to analyse the determinants of South African citrus exports post era of trade liberalisations using secondary data from 1996 to 2018. The Johansen Cointegration model was used to test the long-run relationship between the citrus export and the determinants in the post era of trade liberalisation and Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to determine the relationship between citrus export in South Africa and the selected determinants post the era of trade liberalisation. The results of the Johansen Cointegration model show the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between citrus exports and the determinants of South African citrus exports. The Ordinary Least Squares regression results provided evidence that citrus production and citrus world market prices are the major influencers of citrus export in South Africa. The Department of Agriculture and the Citrus Associations should make initiatives to ensure an increase in citrus production by promoting development programmes for the citrus producers.
The responsibility of local self-government is to implement a rational financial management policy, on the one hand, and to take development-oriented measures which contribute to improvements in the residents’ standards of living while providing a number of other benefits, on the other. The purpose of this study was to identify the multidimensional relationships between the financial situation of Polish rural communes and their residents’ standards of living. The first part of this paper brought some clarification on the standards of living and on the local government units’ (LGU’s) financial situation. The second part discussed selected findings from a survey carried out with presidents and vice-presidents of municipal councils in January and February 2022. The research procedure included a canonical analysis which identified four statistically significant canonical variates. The greatest and the most statistically significant canonical correlation coefficient was nearly 0.90; for the last statistically significant canonical variate, it was over 0.75.
The study aimed to establish the role of institutions in neoclassical economics and New Institutional Economics (NIE) in the context of supporting agriculture in areas facing natural or other specific constraints (ANC’s areas) in providing society public goods related to the protection of the natural environment. A parallel objective was to indicate, in municipal terms, the state of agriculture in ANC’s areas in comparison with agriculture in other areas, as well as to determine the direction of development of selected measures of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) specifically serving this purpose. These measures are agri-environmental-climate measure (AECM), “organic farming” and afforestation. In addition, statistically significant factors were identified that, in farms from municipalities with exceptionally high saturation of utilised agricultural area (UAA) on ANC’s areas determined their propensity to participate in these measures. To achieve these objectives of the study, domestic and foreign literature on neoclassical economics and NIE was analysed. Data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2004 to 2021 and data from farms present in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2021 were used. It was determined that in 2021 94.1% of the total area of the analysed measures occurred in municipalities with ANC’s areas. In municipalities with an exceptionally high saturation of them, the factor of greater willingness of farms to implement them turned out to be the fact of having less income without operating subsidies per hectare of UAA, the higher educational level of the farmer and his agricultural orientation, the presence of other farms in municipalities participating in these measures, as well as having a larger area of UAA and their location in Natura 2000 areas.
The study aims to assess the price volatility connectedness across agricultural and energy futures markets, and in particular, to identify the markets that are the main sources of price volatility among the markets considered. We analysed volatility spillovers among wheat, maize, rapeseed, Brent oil and natural gas on the Euronext and ICE exchange in the period from January 2017 to January 2023. We used the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz based on a generalised forecast error variance decomposition and its frequency extension of Barunik and Křehlík. The period from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to the beginning of 2023 brings an increase in price volatility in the food and energy markets. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility spillover effect among markets was twice as strong as in 2017–2019, and three times stronger than during the Russia–Ukraine war. The main source of market shocks during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was the rapeseed market, while during the war in Ukraine this role was taken over by the wheat market. The volatility was not immediately transferred, thus providing an opportunity to implement risk management procedures to mitigate the impact of shocks from one market to another.
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