@misc{Zając_Tadeusz_Phenotypic_1999,
 author={Zając, Tadeusz},
 editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii},
 editor={Meeting of the European Ornithologists' Union (2 ; 1999 ; Gdańsk)},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={1999},
 language={eng},
 language={pol},
 abstract={In 1991-1995 fourteen morphological traits of Great Tit breeding in a nest boxes were measured. Their relation to fitness was checked in elements of a tit's bilogy: survival of young to first reproduction, competition for nesting places, first and second broods, lifetime survival and reproduction. Selection intensity (i) was calculated for principal components of body size. Phenotypic selection evidences were mainly singular. Comparison of body size of individuals recruited to the studied population revealed that males of larger body size were recruited to the population. An experiment showed that individuals with larger bills won competition for nest boxes (i for bill length ranged from 0.05 in males to 0.34 in females). Clutch size depended positively on the measurements of males (i = 0.07 and i = 0.11 respectively), and negatively on the body measurements of females during the first brood (i = -0.08 in 1995). During the second broods there was a positive trend in relation between body size of parents and young condition (for females i = 0.05 and i = 0.02 respectively, for males i = 0.08 in 1992). Intensive selection on body size (i = -0.34 for males, i = -0.61 for females), due to a catastrophic impact of bad weather was recorded as well. Analysis of lifetime data on the longevity and mean breeding success per year, revealed for cohort of individuals a strong negative selection on body size in females (i = -0.46 with regard to breeding success, i = -0.16, longevity) and positive selection on forearm length in males (i = -0.128, longevity). For 8 cases of selection, its direction in males favoured larger body size (7 cases), whereas in females selection directions were differentiated (3 positive, 3 negative). This pattern was concordant with sexual size dimorphism in the studied population.},
 type={Text},
 title={Phenotypic selection on body size in the great tit Parus major (Niepołomice Forest, Poland)},
 URL={http://rcin.org.pl/miiz/Content/45224/PDF/WA058_61255_P257-T34_Acta-Ornith-Nr-2-18.pdf},
 volume={34},
 number={2},
 journal={Acta Ornithologica},
 publisher={Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN},
 keywords={Great Tit, populations, Poland, Niepołomice Forest, congresses, sexual size dimorphism, phenotypic selection, body size, birds, Parus major, Paridae, Aves, 1991-95},
}