@misc{Arndt_Erik_Natural_1999,
 author={Arndt, Erik and Paarmann, Wilfried},
 editor={Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 copyright={Rights Reserved - Restricted Access},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={1999},
 language={eng},
 abstract={Tee larval characters and natural history data of five species of Thermophilum Hope, Pachymorpha sexguttata Fabricius, two species of Cypholoba Chaudoir and Eccoptoptera sp are described and analysed phylogenetically. All taxa share the following peculiar larval apomorphies: a row of setae instead of two ground plan setae FR8,9 on adnasale, amembranous bulge between nasale and maxilla, ant ennomeres II+III fused, lacinia enlarged andfused with stipes, posterior claws reduced. Three different groups based on their natural historydata are found. One group with a large number of eggs from which hatch comparatively small larvae. A second group with a medium number of eggs which are fixed on the ceiling of the substrateholes. Both groups pass three active larval instars as in most other carabids. A third group with few, large eggs, a short first instar period, an unsclerotized second instar larva which is inactive,does not feed but pupates.The phylogenetic analysis confirms the sistergroup relationship of Helluonini and Anthiini,and the monophyly of Anthiini. Genus Eccoptoptera Chaudoir is the sister group of the large sized Anthiini including genus Cypholoba. The “Cypholobini” are non-monophyletic. T. sexmaculatum Fabricius is distinguished in several characters from the rest of Thermophilum species andshould be excluded from this genus. The maintenance of a monophyletic genus complex Anthias. l. Weber implies the convergent development of peculiar natural history characters in Cypholoba and T. sexmaculatum. Pachymorpha sexguttata and parts of the genusThermophilum form a well supported monophyletic group. Therefore, Pachymorpha Hope cannot be separated generically.},
 title={Natural history data and structural features of larvae of representatives of Anthiini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with regard to their phylogenetic relationship},
 type={Text},
 volume={49},
 number={1-2},
 journal={Annales Zoologici},
 publisher={Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN},
 keywords={Carabidae, Anthiini, phylogeny, larvae, development, behaviour},
}