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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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Thirteen females of a new free-living nematode species, Tridentulus brzeskii sp.nov. were found during a hydrobiological investigation on Latka River (Central Russia, Yaroslavldistrict). The new species differs from the only valid species of the genus Tridentulus, T. floreanae (Eyualem et Coomans, 1995) by the longer body, wider oral aperture, smaller denticles and absence of somatic setae.
This faunistic study was carried out in the period 2008–2014 in the Natura 2000 Łysogóry (PLH260002)area, which is situated entirely in the Świętokrzyski National Park (ŚPN). The study revealed the occurrence of 82caddisfly species (Trichoptera). The insects were caught by light-trapping at 10 sites in the National Park and at onelocality on its boundary. Five caddisfly species from the Polish Red List were found. Stenophylax vibex (Curtis, 1834),a rare species in Poland, has so far been found only in the ŚPN. Fifty-three species of caddisflies were found for thefirst time in the Świętokrzyski National Park, 19 of which are new to the Świętokrzyskie Mountains area. The studydid not confirm the presence of sixteen species recorded previously but it has raised the total number of caddisflyspecies recorded in the Świetokrzyski National Park to 98.
This is a new method of estimating aerosol interception by forest canopy. The aerosols trapped by the canopy of a pine-oak forest (Pino-Quercetum association) averaged 199.22 kg · ha-1, vegetation season-1 which was equal to 40.52% of all inorganic dust fall on the forest floor. The aerosols were an additional source of elements, e.g. of nitrogen -15.07 kg · ha-1 · vegetation season-1. At the same time the mean input of nitrogen from the atmosphere was 15.26 kg · ha-1 · vegetation season-1 in the heavier dust fraction and in rain.
This is a review and analysis of the latest ecological works on the trophic structure of grassland ecosystems. The analysis has been made as follows: (1) Introduction to the topic and definitions of basic terms used, (2) Autotrophs— vascular plants in grassland ecosystems, this including (2.1.) Production, (2.2.) P/B index, (2.3.) Vertical distribution of organic matter. The series of measurements of productivity of grassland ecosystems are compared (Table I) showing great similarity on the large areas of North America and Soviet Union. The difference between the highest and the lowest primary production is about ten-fold. The relationship between the above-ground plant production and the precipitation (Fig. 1) looks quite distinct. The prevalence of underground organic matter over the green one increases with the decreasing amount of water available in the environment (Figs. 2, 3, Table II). Grassland ecosystems have a very high P/B index which proves their high production efficiency as compared with other terrestrial ecosystems. (3). Heterotrophs — their ecological characteristics and role in matter cycling in the ecosystem. Distinct conditioning of trophic structure by ecosystem utilization, e.g., grazing, mowing is shown (Fig. 4). As a result of grazing in the grassland ecosystems a trophic chain of coprophagous forms is developed (Fig. 5). An analysis of the biomass distribution of various invertebrate consumers shows that the absolute prevalence is obtained usually by soil fauna, consisting mainly of saprophages (Table III). As regards bioenergetics characteristics, consumers of grassland ecosystems show a great variety (Fig. 6, analyses of indices A/C, P/A, R/A, in the paper). But always the expenditure of energy on living costs distinctly exceeds that on production of body tissues. (4) Trophic pyramids in grassland ecosystems and (5) Quantitative relations among trophic levels. On the basis of American (Fig. 7) and French literature (Fig. 8) trophic pyramids of different grassland ecosystem types are discussed and then the quantitative relations among trophic levels are calculated (Tables IV—VI). It has been found that even several thousands (2000—3000) units of heterotrophe biomass fall per a unit of autotrophe biomass — as it happens in ecosystems under bad, extreme abiotic conditions. Whereas it is 70—300 in ecosystems of temperate zones. The biomass ratio for levels of consecutive consumers (phytophages/predators) ranges from 2 to 18 and thus is several rows lower. The last chapter „Remarks on the strategy of grassland ecosystems” is a discussion of various possible ways of evolution of grassland ecosystems.
This is a review of concepts and hypotheses on morphological variability of planktonic organisms, since Lauterborn’s (1901) paper up to the most recent ones (1977—1978). Planktonic organisms are variable in size, shape and proportions of body, both in time and space. Phenomena of morphological variability are common among planktonic algae (mainly Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae), protozoans (Lobosa), rotifers (mainly Brachionidae) and crustaceans (Cladocera and to a lesser extent Copepoda). Apart from size and proportions of body the crustaceans vary in shape and height of head, length of I and II pair antennae, mucro and tail spine length, and as for algae, rotifers and crustaceans occurrence of all kinds of exuberances and spines (Fig. 2). Phenomena of morphological variability are basically controlled by three types of factors: (1) genetic factors decide about the potential ability to form various morphotypes, (2) environmental factors give an impulse for manifestation of a genetically conditioned character, whereas (3) selection keeps up this diversity. Seasonal morphological variability may be either due to plasticity of genotypes in relation to environmental changes, or phenotypic cycles may be caused by seasonal changes in relative frequencies of genetically differing clones. Spatial variability may be due to genetic differences among parthogenetic clones or to differences in abilities of one genotype to produce morphologically different phenotypes under varying conditions (Fig. 1). Thus potential abilities of individuals of one species to form different morphotypes are conditioned by factors of a genetic character, but the realization of these theoretical abilities depends on environmental factors. Among environmental factors which may cause morphological variability of planktonic organisms the most frequently mentioned are: temperature, water mixing, light, concentration and kind of food, presence of predators which by organic substances excreted into the environment may stimulate some morphological changes of their potential prey. It can not be said for sure which of these factors are directly responsible for this variability, which indirectly — by changes in their intensity imply changes of factors directly responsible for variability, and which inform only about the intensity of factors decisive for variability.
This is a second part of the revision of Platysomatini, providing redescriptions of the genera, Theropatina, Microlister and Platybletes based on their type species.
This is a suggestion (to use an isorithm method the applied in cartography for determining the distribution and intensity of area penetration by mammals. Initial data on area penetration have been obtained using the technique of winter tracking. The whole area has been covered with assessment lines. During the assessment the number of tracks crossed by investigator was counted and identified to species. The results were unified by introducing an index of penetration intensity {number of tracks per 1000 m of .the route per 24 hrs). The index value was appointed to the middle of assessment line as the so-called empirical point. Between the points the isorithms were plotted. Thus maps of penetration by each species were obtained, which illustrated the spatial distribution and in tensity of its penetration. These maps can be compared with a topographical base (Fig. 1). Also these maps can be used in studies of habitat selectivity of animals (Fig. 2), seasonal variability of their penetration (Figs. 3, 4) and in analyses of interspecific relationships. The accuracy of estimated penetration discussed and it is indicated that it depends on the length of the assessment lines (Fig. 5) and the frequency of measurements on each line.
This is also true of species which do not change their food uptake mechanizmnor feeding behaviour from one to another environment . In this case a sufficientreason for changing the trophic status of a species might be exclusively a modificationof the food conditions. A typical filter feeder grazes mostly on small nannoplanctonicalgae ranging in size from a few to about 20 microns in diameter whenin oligotrophic waters, whereas in eutrophic lakes it becomes a typical detrito andbacteriovore, because, as a result of the very same filtration process, notalgae but bacteria and detritus will be collected in its filtering chamber ( Gliwicz 1969a, 1969b).It seems that correct classification of limnetic animals into trophic types, oreven trophic levels, is possible only in the case of oligotrophic lakes, where theclassic structure of a food chain is usually maintained: phytoplankton — herbivorouszooplankton — carnivorous zooplankton — fish. This is clearly demonstratedby the succes in building very accurate models of the Alpine Unterer FinstertalerSee (Pechlaner et al. 1972) and the Arctic Char Lake (Rigler 1972). Thetrophic statuses of zooplankton species there are precisely defined thanks to thecharacter of plankton primary production and the lack of an intensive inflow ofallochtonic organic matter.In such oligotrophic waters, because of the low nutrient concentrations thenannoplanctonic algae are the main or exclusive primary producers. This probablybecause their higher surface/volume ratio makes them more effective nutrientutilizers. These small algae (flagellates, greens, small diatoms) fall perfectly intothe size range of food particles available to the typical filter feeder. Furthermore,the small income of allochtonic organic material holds bacteria concentration onlow level, While the low plankton primary production causes insignific ant concentrationof detritus particles. Although both of these are mostly also within thesize range of available food particles, the main food collected in the filteringchamber is the fresh living algae (Fig. 2). So here we have to do with true herbivores— well distinguis hed primary consumers’ trophic level.The situation is different in more productive lakes — waters, richer innutrients and usually supplied with a greater flow of allochtonous organic matter.The phytoplankton standing crop here is strongly dominated by net algae (for anattempt of explanation of this phenomenon see Gliwicz 1973), frequently byhuge blue-green colonies and peridinian cells, several hundred microns in length,much too large to be available for filter feeders. The organic matter produced bysuch a phytoplankton community becomes eventually available as decomposedmaterial. The large amount of organic substratum, both of net phytoplankton andallochtonous origin, increases the concentration of bacterial cells and particles of detritus (tripton) in the environment. Thus the number of live algae within thesize range of food particles available for a filter feeder decreases, whereas theamount of detritus and bacteria increases. In other words, the typical filter feederunable to actively select food particles grazes on totally different food in oligotrophicand eutrophic conditions (Fig. 2).In this case, not only does the trophic status of the filtrators changes, butalso that of predators, generally represented in plankton by cyclopoid copepods.
This is an attempt at assessing the influence of phytophagous grasshoppers (Acridoidea) on the primary production of a meadow. Grounds for assessment were as follows: 1) losses in plant biomass due to feeding by grasshoppers, defined in a field experiment; 2) dynamics of density and biomass of grasshoppers determined in the meadow; 3) daily consumption by grasshoppers examined under laboratory conditions.Losses in plant biomass were found to depend on the density of the insects, the time at which they fed and the properties of the plant cover and species of plants on which they feed. The density of insects has a particularly great effect on extent of losses in plant biomass caused not by the insects feeding, hut by destruction of the plants.
This is an attempt to present results of ecological studies of urban environments. A review of mainly Polish literature is the basis foT presentation of problems concerning: specific ecological character of urban environments, characteristics of town vegetation and municipal fauna communities, regularities of municipal ecological systems, colonization of towns by wild fauna and the specific character of municipal animals populations, characteristics of suburban environments, ecological status of urban environment and the place of man in the ecological structure of these environments.As regards biotic and abiotic conditions urban environments differ basically from natural and other anthropogenic environments and are specific „ecological islands”.Artificial town vegetation — formed from the very beginning — is constantly under the influence of man's activities (Fig. 1), which, amongst other things, is the cause of serious disturbances in the functioning of biotic systems. Isolated municipal greens have various types of vegetation and differ considerably as regards the areas it occupies. The structure and character of vegetation affect strongly the formation of town fauna communities.Town fauna has been studied unevenly and in fragments. Communities of town fauna, and especially the best known town avifauna differ distinctly from wild communities (Table I). With increasing urbanization the number of species decreases at a simultaneous increase in numbers of other populations. In town communities there is ho stability and there are frequent changes in the dominance structure as regards the dominance of one species. Under extreme conditions the number of species and numbers decrease. Quite many populations live in buildings moving towards the centTe where the buildings are close to one another (Table II), whereas other populations leave towns to live in its surroundings.Wild populations colonize in the vicinity of towns because of the attractiveness of this kind of environment. Several populations gradually penetrating the town undergo the synurbization process (Table III) and adapt to life under artificial, much changed conditions.Adaptation of population to specific urban environment is responsible for a number of significant changes in its ecology, biology and ethology, for changes of physiological properties and also perhaps genetic features. Thus separate urban populations are formed which are quite different from populations of the same species (Table IV). Numerous data point also to the simultaneous occurrence in town of wild and typically town population, but the town population colonizes mainly the centre and the wild one is pushed out in the direction of suburbs (Table II).Towns and surrounding areas strongly influence one another. Suburban environments, additonally under the influence of neighbouring natural environments, are very specific both from the point of landscape and ecologically. They are very important as a potential pool of fauna supplying — permanently or periodically — urban environments […]
This is the first quantitative report of the composition of mixed flocks of wintering birds in the temperate forests of Asia. There were nine species observed in the 37 mixed flocks: Parus varius, Parus major, Parus palustris, Parus ater, Aegithalos caudatus, Regulus regulus, Sitta europaea, Dendrocopos kizuki, Dendrocopos major. For each species the proportion and the average number of individuals are presented in four forest types: fir, pine, oak and mixed forest consisting mainly of oak and pine. P. major was seen in a higher proportion of flocks in coniferous (pine and fir forests combined) than in deciduous (mixed and oak combined) forests. P. ater used coniferous trees more often than P. major and more often than P. palustris.
This is the first record of the European yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789) from the Lublin Upland (SE Poland). A dozen or so silk nests containing these spiders were found among goldenrod stems (Solidago sp.) on a dry meadow near Chodel, a village in the valley of the River Chodelka on 8 October 2021
This is the first report of the occurrence and distribution of fat dormouse Glis glisin Polish part of the Złote Mountains (East Sudetes). Field studies, conducted inthe years 2002–2003, included control of birds’ nesting boxes, hunters’ lookouts and forest car parks, recording the fat dormouse night calls, and searching for the traces of their activities (i.e. nests, remnants of the beech fruits, feaces). In 42 (40%) out of 105 checked birds’ nesting boxes the fat dormouse nests, and in 11 (10%) the animals were found. During the study, 29 localities of fat dormouse and a total of 50 individuals were found. Additionally, questionnaires of the forestry administrated bythe forestry management of Bardo Śląskie and Lądek-Zdrój, as well as interviews were used. Our data indicate that the Złote Mountains are one of a few areas in the Sudety Mountains, where the continuous range of the species is still preserved.
This methodology-oriented paper proposes a number of new zooindicative indices assessing microsite diversity based on the modified Pulliam theory. The original theory has been modified so that the "source & sink" concept could be used for the purposes of zooindication. In the present paper, the following indices are tested on data regarding populations and communities of invertebrates of the coastal variety of Scots pine forest:the share of sources (UC), sinks (UP) and standard (US) in the area occupied by the com-munity, an index of microsite preferences of a species (cs) and an index of utilization of site heterogeneity by a given species (Cs’). Microsite diversity was also assessed using data regarding the coastal pine forest of Mierzeja Łebska Sand Bar.
This paper contains an inventory of 120 species registered to date from the area of the Holy Cross (Świętokrzyskie) Mountains. The carabid fauna recorded in the area includes 12 species belonging to the genus CarabusL., classified as legally protected species in Poland, 6 mountain-associated species and 2 species, Pterostichus burmeisterii HERR and Amara erratica (DUFT.), occurring at isolated locations. A. erraticais regarded as a postglacial relic within the Park.
This paper contains the results of phenological observations and phenometrical measurements carried out on the ephemeral species Spergula vernalis Willd., the studies including both the upper and underground organs of the plant. The results showed whith phases are synchronized with climatic conditions and which take place in accordance with the autorhythmicity of the species. Examination was made of the effect of biotope conditions on the start and duration of successive phenophases. The rate of growth of stem and root was traced in relation to the ontogenesis of Spergula vernalis.
This paper deals with Syrphidaematerial collected in North Korea by 6 expeditions of researchers from the Institute of Zoology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland from 1959 to 1990. The subfamilies Milesiinaeand Microdontinaewere analysed. 37 species of syrphid flies were identified, only 9 of which had been previously known from Korea. Among the species were several very rare forms, often known only from original descriptions: Volucella inanoides HERVÉ-BAZIN, Sphegina melancholica STACK., Asiosphegina nitidifrons STACK., Lathyrophthalmus viridis (COQ.), Spilomyia panfilovi ZIMINA and Xylota frontalis (SHIRAKI& EDASHIGE).
This paper describes the production adaptations in some types of food connectionsin the biocenose. The author concluds that the main factor limiting the quantity of saprophagous and predatory animals is the food abundance. The interspeciesand intraspecies food competition constitute the main elements which regulate thequantity of this animals in nature. The grazing of vascular plants by phytophagousanimals is based on other principles. Equilibrium between their quantity and plantproduction needs a complicate system of biocenotic regulation (for inst. c.f. Fig. 1).
This paper evaluates the accuracy any estimator of species numbers may achieve if only a limited fraction (up to 3/4) of the species number in the community has been sampled. From the impossibility to infer the relative abundance distribution (RAD) the rare and not sampled species follow it is shown that it is only possible to give a lower and an upper boundary of the species number. The lower boundary may be inferred either from a fit of a log-normal type RAD or by a graphical method. In the latter case, the lower boundary is Smin = (ln (dmin) - 2 icpt) / slope with dmin being the minimal possible relative density in the community and icpt and slope being the intercept and the slope of the geometric series fitted through the linear part of the log-normal distribution. The upper boundary is found through an extrapolation of this geometric series up to dmin [Smax = (ln (dmin) - icpt) / slope]. For any estimator to work dmin has to be known.
This paper examines the first arrival dates of 25 migrant bird species recorded at Portland, Dorset, UK, for the period 1959–2005. To determine if trends over time existed, linear regression of first arrival dates on year was used; initially for the whole period and subsequently separately for 1959–1981 and 1982–2005. First arrival dates were compared to spring temperatures along migration routes in southern Europe and France and in the UK. The arrival of 11 species (e.g. Sand Martin, Blackcap and Pied Flycatcher) was significantly earlier with the mean trend for all species showing an advance of 1.6 days/decade over the study period. Over all species, trends in first arrival date were not significantly different between the two time periods but there were differences for Turtle Dove, Whitethroat and Lesser Whitethroat. Monthly mean temperatures along the European part of the birds' migration route were generally negatively correlated with, but can only explain < 30% of the variability in, first arrival dates. The consequences of both a changed phenology and differential phenological changes between species require urgent investigation.
This paper gives data on the abundance of spiders, the species richness and ecological groups, the common, exclusive and dominant species occurring on eight forest islands of the agricultural landscape in the Masurian Lakeland District, near lake Jorzec, close to Mikołajki, in northern Poland. The influence of the forest islands origin, size, location in space, and the presence of water, on the abundance and biomass of spiders which inhabit vegetation, is discussed. Four forest islands are remnants of the Pino-Quercetum forest; four are birch-aspen woodlots of a young successive stage growing naturally on farm wastelands. The sizes of islands range between 0.125 ha and 35 ha; one is surrounded by cultivated fields and located far from other woodland areas, two forest islands contain water reservoirs.
This paper is aimed at focusing the Reader’s attention to some less considered or neglected aspects of lakę eutrophication. The weakness of the existing chlorophyll-nutrient models is demonstrated here by the apparent uncoupling of chlorophyll and nutrients in the Great Masurian Lakes and also in other lakes of the Polish lowland. The models seem to not recognise sonie specific properties of lakes, which vary along their trophic gradient. The first is a different type of nutrient cycling - dominated by vertical, cyclic and bimodal nutrient transport in eutrophic lakes versus morę conservative nutrient turnover restricted to the epilimnetic zonę and relying mostly on biotic recycling in oligo- and mesotrophic lakes. Secondly, the models do not consider the top-down effects of zooplankton, which in eutrophic lakes tend to reshape the algal structure towards the dominance of non-edible blue-green Cyanobacteria. This, in turn, would enhance accumulation of nutrients in epilimnia of eutrophic lakes and bimodal character of the nutrient turnover. Variable overlapping of abiotic and biotic factors in lakes along their trophic gradient make predictive power of the empirical models poor and calls for further insight and for a coherent theory of lakę eutrophication.
This paper is conerned with the morphological variability of Spergula vernalis Willd, and the effect of different habitat conditions on the variability of different organs. Biometric analysis was made of 5000 plants, taking 11 morphological characters into consideration, over a period of three years differing as to weather conditions, on five stands, each of which formed a separate stage in the spread of vegetation over the dune. The analysis revealed which characters are distinguished by the greatest variability and correlation. The study also contains the results of growing Spergula vernalis for the purpose of checking the correctness of the assumption that such variability is phenotypic in character.
This paper presents a list of mites of the Gamasida order in the Narew National Park.
This paper presents an original methodological attempt at natural valorization based on the analysis of epigeic invertebrate communities. The essence of the method is in determining the proximity of the real community towards the standard one, the latter elaborated so that it is representative for the ecosystem of given type. The survey, the assessment of the natural value and the evaluation of the anthropopressure are all based on the test describing epigeic communities of invertebrates with the use of seven indices: I. Per cent share: (1) per cent share of characteristic - exclusive species F3; and total of characteristic exclusive and choosing species F3+F2; (2) the index of community uniqueness Sc; (3) the index ofcommunity stability Nc; (4) the index of species diversity H’; (5) the index of community natural quality Bc; (6) the index of dynamic heterogeneity DHt; (7) the index of habitat species capacity Pc
This paper presents results so far obtained by research on the biology and dynamics of a population of Dreissensia polymorpha Pall. in the Szczecin Lagoon. Density of individuals of this species of molluscs was found to be very great on the sides of sandbanks. The part played by D. polymorpha in the process of covering the bottom of the lagoon was defined and partially estimated.
This paper presents selected problems of ecological relations between algae and bacteria in aquatic environments. Section 2 discusses commensal and protoco-operative relations between planktonic microorganisms in water. The role of algae as producers of a large part of the organic matter in the environment and the effect of physical and biological factors on the' amount and rate of extracellular release of photosynthetic products into the water, are discussed.Other parts of section 2 deal with the role of aquatic bacteria in the mineralization and transformation of products secreted by algae, with particular emphasis on the role of glycolic acid in this problem. Values obtained by the isotope methods used to monitor the extracellular release by phytoplankton were found to be subject to methodological error (Fig. 3).Commensalism and protoco-operation between algae and bacteria are discussed for the examples of transformation of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds in waters.Section 3 discusses the symbiotic relationships between algae and bacteria. The examples cited indicate strong ties between certain species of bacteria and algae in aquatic environments. These dependencies consist of the mutual transfer of nutrients or growth factors, or the regulation of metabolic processes. A strong symbiotic relationship between Chlamydornonas reinhardtii and Coryne- bacter at the gene level is described. The bacteria, which live in the cytoplasm of the algal cells, induce gene expression in Chlamydomonas.Section 4 considers the parasitic dependencies between the components of the plankton mentioned. The role of bacteria parasitizing algae (causing their lysis) as a factor eliminating phytoplanktonic blooms in eutrophic waters is discussed.Section 5 discusses antibiosis between algae and bacteria as an ecological factor affecting bacteria in waters (Fig. 6). It has been found that during phytoplankton blooms algae produce antibacterial substances w’hich effect the selection and elimination of bacteria.Section 6 — in natural waters there are frequently insufficient resources of biologically significant ecological resources, as a consequence of which planktonic microorganisms compete for these resources. Algae and bacteria have been showm to compete in aquatic environments for organic matter, nitrogen, vitamins, and growth factors.The role of bacteria and algae in the assimilation of different forms of phosphorus fin waters is discussed.In conclusion, section 7, the author stresses the need for further ecological studies on the role and mutual relations betwTeen algae and bacteria in waters.
This paper presents the past and present occurence of Mantis religiosa in Poland and discusses range changes of this species during the last 100 years (1923–2021), basing on 2664 records, 2029 of these unpublished. Up to 1994, the species was restricted to a relatively small area in the south-eastern part of Poland (3.3% of the country's area). During 27 years (1995–2021), M. religiosa spread from there to the north, west and south, increasing its range more than 20 times, to 77% of Poland’s area. At present, only north-western part of the country and central part of mountainous belt in the south are not occupied or sparsely occupied by this species. The average annual increase in European mantis range in Poland in the years 2013–2021 was eight times faster than during the earlier period (1995–2012).
This paper presents the results of the research conducted so far on Araneae of the Kampinos National Park. After verification of the published data, it was established that 305 species of spiders recorded in the Park area; this is 36.8% of Araneae reported from Poland. The results of the study so far indicate that Kampinos NP is characterized by a very great diversity of araneofauna. In the Park have been found four protected species: Agroeca dentigera, Eresus kollari, Philaeus chrysops, Yllenus arenarius and many rare and interesting spider species, e.g. Archaeodictyna ammophila, Enoplognatha mordax, Haplodrassus moderatus, Kishidaia conspicua, Titanoeca spominima and many others. Three species: Micaria micans, Pardosa alacris and Sibianor larae are reported for first time from this park. <br>
This paper presents the results of the study on grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera), earwigs (Dermaptera) and cockroaches (Blattodea) of the Bory Tucholskie National Park (=BTNP) (part of Tuchola Forest, northern Poland), conducted in the years 2001, 2013 and 2014. The insects were caught using Moericke traps at 9 sites, capturing respectively: 2001 – 11 ind., 2013 – 1115 ind. and 2014 – 228 ind. An additional visual record was made at the tenth site, where no traps were set. In total, 24 species of grasshoppers and crickets, 3 species of earwigs and 1 species of cockroach were recorded in the BTNP. Tettigonia cantans (Fuessly), Roeseliana roeselii (Hagenb.), Pholidoptera griseoaptera (Deg.), Chelidurella acanthopygia (Géné) and Labidura riparia (Pall.) were found for the first time within the whole Tuchola Forest. The research method used is noteworthy, as the capture of such a large number of orthopteroid insects in Moericke traps is rare in Poland.
This paper reports on a case of selection, due to the influence of bad weather on the number of nestlings, acting through different pathways on the breeding date and morphological traits in breeding Great Tits. Multiple regression of relative fitness on tarsus length, bill height and forearm length, revealed significant phenotypic selection of male forearm length and female bill height. However, nestling mortality during the bad weather depended on their age, which suggested that the breeding date is a focal trait for selection. The multiple regression analysis of relative fitness on both body traits and the hatching date shows that in males only the breeding date was significantly related to fitness, and forearm selection resulted from the correlation of the forearm with the hatching date. A similar analysis in females shows that both bill height and the timing of hatching were equally related to fitness; therefore, in this sex both bill height and the date of hatching were focal traits for selection.
This paper reports six years of observations on nest building in a town breeding colony of rooks. General lines in the development of the colony of rook during the breeding season have been considered and particular stages of the nest building process have been analysed. Main point is the influence of weather conditions upon nest-building.
This paper shows that recent models of relative abundances (RADs) like the log-normal model or sequential breakage or niche apportionment models are not able to describe and explain RADs found in natural communities because they are derived from a classical niche concept and assume strong past or present interspecific competition. None of them refers especially to temporal variability and functional niche dimensions. The present paper identifies three basic features of natural communities (unimodal species-weight distributions, abundance-weight distributions with more or less marked upper boundaries, and species density fluctuations that can be modelled by four different random processes). Modelling communities with these basic features resulted in RADs that only in part could be described by classical models but that had shapes often found in samplings from larger natural communities. No single distribution like the canonical log-normal appeared that may serve as a general null-model but RAD and evolutionary strategy (r-or K selection) seem to be related. The shape of relative abundance distributions was found to depend on the number of species even if all parameter setting of the generating distributions were identical. This indicates that classical evenness indices (that assume independence of species number) might not be appropriate to compare communities with different numbers of species. It appeared that RAD and body weight related community patterns have to be studied together.
This paper tests the hypothesis that the density – weight distribution of species assemblages may be generated alone by underlying weight dependent density fluctuations by constructing several model species – weight and density – weight distributions. The simulations revealed that indeed even a slight dependence of density fluctuation on body weight generated typical density – weight distributions with upper density boundaries and triangular shapes. Other ecological explanations, such as metabolic constraints or arguments based on fractal geometry, may therefore not be necessary to explain the pattern. In a second step of analysis the density – weight relationship was combined with various species – weight distributions (computed over log2 weight classes) to show that in nearly all parameter settings steadily rising biomass distributions with a decline only towards the largest weight classes result. The generality of the equal biomass hypothesis is therefore rejected. A general model is developed to explain several of the patterns in density – weight and species – weight plots assuming only underlying weight dependent speciation and extinction rates and weight dependent density fluctuations.
This paper tests the recent published synthetic theory of biodiversity of Ritchie and Olff (1999) using data on parasitic Hymenoptera and soil living Diptera. Neither the predicted size dependent size ratio patterns, nor the left skewed species number-size class ratios, nor right skewed species richness-productivity patterns were found. It is concluded that the basic assumptions of the theory (self similarity of habitat, food, and resource distribution over ecological relevant scales) is not applicable at fine scales and to guilds of higher trophic levels. Whether in general the assumptions are applicable to plants and phytophages has to be decided by further studies.
This point-count based study (1995-99) provides information on the avifauna of different farmland habitats in Latvia. Ordinations identify the main gradients within the species composition pattern: from arable land to natural habitats and from woodland across open, dry areas to wet meadowlands with rivers and ponds. Regression models describing the relationship between species richness and habitat show that the best positive predictors of species richness are woodland, scrub, natural meadows, unfarmed patches such as piles of stones or brushwood, and ponds. Regression models of the habitat affinities of the 30 most frequently recorded bird species are used to describe the present-day situation and to predict the effects of possible changes in Latvian farmland. The current high bird diversity is largely upheld by a non-intensive agriculture and large set-aside areas. Both further abandonment and development towards western standards of agricultural production may have adverse effects on populations of several species of conservation concern. Environmental considerations should therefore become an integral part of the development of Latvian agriculture.
This report is an attempt at analysing the scoop method in relation to plantloving spiders (living on Vaccinium myrtillus) in a pine forest; the problem examined is whether the unevenness of the strokes made by the scoop affect the results of research work on seasonal quantitative dynamics. This is part of work on the quantitative dynamics of spiders living on the plants of a pine forest, carried out in 1954 and 1955 at Lemański near Częstochowa, now prepared for printing. In field work two types of collection by scoop were used, two series of 10 samplles each (each sample -25 strokes of the scoop) being carried out in each period investigated, at each station, on the same day and at the same time of day. One of these was carried out by quick sweeps, the other by purposely slower sweeps. The quantitative and qualitative spider material obtained in this way from these double comparable series (75 species, 4321 individuals from “quick sweeps” and 1930 from “slow sweeps”) enable the following conclusions to be reached:l. The dominating species are shown correctly regardless of lthe speed of sweep. The spider material collected may exhibit dillerences depending on speed of sweep in the order of dominating species according to their numbers. The percentage of domination is not always the same in both types of sweep, but always demonstrates the actual quantitative domination of the species, defined by means of a different method as dominant or influent (Table I).2. ,,Slow sweeps” often collect smaller quantities of species from the environment examined than “quick sweeps” (Table II]). Both types of sweep show 65% of species common to both (Table III).3. Quicker strokes of the scoop are more effective in colecting spiders on account of the defensive reaction of the latter. In the life cycle of spiders variations occur in their reactions to danger. This phenomenon was examined by means of an “indicator of defensive reaction” of the species, this indicator being obtained by dividing the number of individuals caught by the “quick scoop” by the number of individuals caught by the “slow scoop” (Tables IV, V, VI).4. Collection capacity of the scoop varies not only according to the defensive reaction of the species of spider, but also to the type of web and the place in it occupied by the spider.5. While taking into account the above drawbacks, which make it essential that great care is taken in drawing conclusions from material collected by the scoop method, it is however possible to draw several correct conclusions from this method as to the seasonal quantitative dynamics of spiders living in the surface layer of the plants of the forest, as follows: conclusions regarding the general variability of quantitative dynamics of all spiders, quantitative variations of their ecologica1 groups in a wide sense, and quantitative dynamics of the most numerous species of the environment examined (fig. l, 2, 3).
This review of a number of factors draws the reader’s attention to the lackof simultaneous studies on biotic and abiotic factors influencing reproduction ofsmall rodents: only the simultaneous investigations — in the author’s opinion —could probably show which of the factors play the most important role underdefinite circumstances. It seems very likely that there exists a hierarchy of thefactors which is variable and dependent on the location of sample site within theinvestigated population area, for at the borderline of the species range thereusually a strong pressure of abiotic factors is exerted on the population, and —contrary to that — within the central (optimal) part of the range the regulatoryphenomena existence have been shown.
This study analyzes the influence of egg laying order on egg dimensions (especially on egg volume)and on the size of the last egg laid in a Blackcap clutch. The research was carried out in deciduous woodland inNW Croatia during 2002 and 2004. The analyses covered only clutches with five eggs (the dominant size of thefirst clutch in the study area), where the first eggs were laid on the same day (5 May 2002 and 11 May 2004). Thepresent study suggests that the Blackcap may employ a strategy of increasing the egg volume of each successiveegg laid, which may reduce size hierarchy between nestlings and prevent competition between them.
This study includes 70 new records for 22 rare species in Poland. Two species are new to Poland (Macaroeris nidicolens, Segestria bavarica) and another three are protected (Atypus affinis, Philaeus chrysops, Yllenus arenarius). Another locality of Uloborus walckenaerius was detected, which is the second site of occurence for Poland (the first in a synanthropic environment). The work provides new data showing that climate change is influencing the spread of southern European species. It has also been shown that anthropogenic activities and technical procedures (consisting of power line maintenance) may have a beneficial effect on the preservation of suitable habitats and the rare species of spiders living there. The obtained results complement the data on the distribution of rare species. For some rapidly spreading species, literature data are incomplete and out of date. This work will partially fill these gaps. <br>
This study is based on an analysis of nest-histories of 652 Collared Flycatcher nests found in natural tree cavities in the Białowieża National Park in 1988-1999. The secondary-cavity-nester Collared Flycatcher constitutes migratory single-brooded population breeding in high density in the primeval oak-lime-hornbeam (Querco/Tillio-Carpinetum) stands. Nest predation was the main reason of the breeding losses (240 nests) accounting for 91% (82%-100%) of them. Local production of fledglings was affected by nest predation caused by rodents, mustelids and Great Spotted Woodpecker. In this study a link between forest rodent cycles and the Collared Flycatcher fluctuations in number was documented. Number of produced fledglings depended on both, positively the number of the Collared Flycatcher breeding pairs in year N and negatively on the Yellow-necked Mouse density in year N. Rate of nest destruction is related to the density of the Yellow-necked Mouse recorded in BNP, while independent on the Collared Flycatcher density (nest predation limiting but not regulating). The predation pressure in some years keeps the Collared Flycatcher density at a level well below that of the potential the habitat resources (nest-sites, food). Local breeding density was shaped by fledglings productivity (breeding success) of the previous year. Earlier hypotheses concerning the Collared Flycatcher and other birds population limitation were also discussed.
This study is based on data taken from literature and on our own research conducted in Pieniny National Park. The sycamore maple is one of the main tree species in Phyllitido-Aceretum, but very seldom the most abundant one. Spatial distribution of trees, ascertained using the Ripley's K function, follows the random pattern. Negative spatial relationship between tree species at local spatial scales probably reflects site patchiness. The size structure of tree stands in Phyllitido-Aceretum is similar to that of beech forests, but the stand density is two times lower. Slope instability can be a plausible explanation of this phenomenon.
This study summarises information on the occurrence of Myrmecophilus acervorum in Poland in the years 1851–2022. We collected information about 143 localities: 40 from literature and 103 unpublished. Myrmecophilus acervorum is reported from seven new regions: the Baltic Coast, Białowieża Primeval Forest, Eastern Sudety Mts, Kraków-Wieluń Upland, Podlasie Lowland, Sandomierska Lowland and Trzebnickie Hills. While until 2010 observations were rare (35 localities), in the years 2011–2022 the species was found in 108 new localities. A total of 443 individuals of M. acervorum were observed in Poland, but the sex was identified only for 138, of which 135 were mature females or female nymphs. Males were recorded only historically in the Pomeranian Lakeland. At present, these records should be treated with caution, as they are uncertain.
This study was carried out in Rome from 1991 to 1999. On a total of 47 urban parks and suburban woods, 22 woodlots were occupied by Great Spotted Woodpeckers during the breeding period. All woods sized up than 50 ha were occupied by woodpeckers. On a five year scale, territory stability was positively correlated with wood size. The requirement of wooded area per territory was slightly higher in urban parks (6.7 ą 2.7 ha, n = 10 woodlots) than in suburban woods (5.7 ą 1.3 ha, n = 5), and was negatively correlated to the vegetation cover. Wooded area per territory in Rome was higher than in neighbouring deciduous oak woods, suggesting that urban habitats are low-quality for breeding Great Spotted Woodpeckers, probably due to vegetation features and isolation from other woodland patches. Maintaining mature stands of natural vegetation with old and dead trees in larger urban parks could be useful to encourage the occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpecker in cities.
This study was carried out to find what factors could affect bird diversity in green areas in an urban landscape. We selected 83 sites of different size and type of urban landscapes in Seoul, South Korea and surveyed bird diversity. Urban green patches were grouped into three subclasses: < 1 ha, 1–10 ha and > 10 ha. The cumulative bird diversity was greater in the subclass 1–10 ha than in < 1 ha or in > 10 ha. We suggest that bird diversity was closely related to habitat size, especially in the category 1–10 ha, and recommend this area be used to establish new bird habitats in urban landscapes. The number of bird species was significantly correlated with the number of insect species in studied patches, but was not correlated with the size of green areas or the distance to roads. Therefore, we suggest that the number of insect species is the most important factor affecting bird diversity within our urban study area.
This study was performed during the period 1972 to 1977. The goose population numbered 280-312 pairs. A similar number was reported before World War II and then after 1960. Between these dates there occurred a sudden drop (of approx. 75%) caused by a sharp increase in the exploitation of geese by man. The population study was performed on 122-154 paire of goose breeding in one of the fish-pond complexes. The geese nested exclusively on ponds. The time of start of egg laying coincided with the disappearance of ice cover, which could be explained in terms of antipredatory behaviour. The clutch size per breeding female ranged from 2 to 10 (12?) eggs, the mean value in different seasons being 4.9 to 5.6 eggs. No relationship was noted between mean clutch size and time of commencement of the nesting period. The mean clutch size decreased from 6. 7 to 3.5 as the season passed. Almost all of the clutches with more than 10 eggs were laid by two females. 44.2 % of nests ended in a failure. The main causes were predation by the hooded crow and abandonment of nests, in similar proportions. Other causes accounted for only 0.9 %. In successful clutches the rate of hatching success was 90.4%. Mortality of the young (till fledging) was 27.4 %. The mean production of young per breeding pair in one season was 2 young. The ratio of actual to potential production was 38%. This was sufficient to ensure stability of the goose population.
This volume of Memorabilia Zoologica contains Benedykt Dybowski’s unpublished letters to Janusz Domaniewski from 1919 to 1920. It is a direct continuation of the previous issue of Memorabilia containing correspondence of these scholars from the years 1917–1918. It is also part of the project to publish the letters and documents of Benedykt Dybowski kept in the collections of the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The letters written by Dybowski during the siege of Lwów and the Polish-Ukrainian war are an invaluable document of the beginnings of the Second Polish Republic, as well as a description and an attempt to analyse the situation of the Polish intelligentsia and the establishment of state institutions.They are also a very important source of knowledge about the history of scientific institutions. The Dzieduszycki Museum and university collections in Lwów, exposed to artillery fire, illustrate the situation of scientific institutions during the war. We also learn from them about the beginnings of the Branickis’ Museum in Warsaw, which were previously unknown to historians. The history of creating new scientific institutions, staffing departments and university policy at the beginning of the Second Polish Republic was also critically discussed. They show the scholar’s commitment to popularizing Esperanto, the discussions about the universal language among the Lwów intelligentsia, and the naive hope that this “universal language” would lead the world to lasting peace. Dybowski repeatedly returns to the concept of rebuilding the Polish State, which he saw as a voluntary federation of nations belonging to the First Polish Republic.The letters published in this volume are a valuable contribution to the biography of both naturalists, as well as to the history of Polish scientific institutions. The correspondence supplements the works devoted to the history of Warsaw zoological collections, mainly of the Zoological Cabinet of the University of Warsaw.
This volume of Memorabilia Zoologica contains Benedykt Dybowski’sunpublished letters to Janusz Domaniewski from 1917 to 1918. These letters area valuable contribution to the biography of both naturalists, as well as to the historyof Polish scientific institutions. The correspondence complements works devotedto the history of Warsaw zoological collections, mainly of the Zoological Cabinetof the University of Warsaw. It comprises, among other things, a lot of informationabout the “evacuation” of the collection into the depths of Russia in 1915. Thepresented material includes an interesting description of other nature collectionsin Poland, Russia and Ukraine, as well as the activities of scientific journals, boardsand committees.The correspondence brings closer the fate of many scientists – often calledup to the army, detained, living at risk of starvation, threatened with robbery, censoredand usually deprived of the possibility of scientific work. Numerous remarkson the development of the Siberian fauna, evolutionism, its reception in Polandand Russia, acclimatization, the concept of species and taxonomy are invaluabletestimony to the history of natural sciences at the turn of the 19th and 20thcentury.Dybowski’s letters written at the end of the First World War, referring toactions for independence, are important documents for the analysis of the politicaland economic situation on Polish lands in that crucial period. In his correspondence,Benedykt Dybowski devoted a lot of attention to scientific institutions ofthe future Poland and its education system.In his letters we find expressions of his long-lasting passion for promotingEsperanto as a universal language and a carrier of equality between people, anticlericalism,the fight against alcoholism, gambling and all other social vices, thepromotion of milk drinking and many other utopian ideas characteristic forDybowski – an eccentric and romantic figure.This volume is the first where Benedykt Dybowski’s correspondence is published.We are planning to include further unpublished letters of this scientist insubsequent volumes.
This work presents results of the studies on responses of plant communities and ecologically diverse invertebrate communities to mountain spruce forest decline in the western part of Karkonosze Mts. (south-western Poland). It was examined how distribution and biodiversity and predator-prey relations of invertebrates (Araneae, Diptera, Protozoa) have been affected by fragmentation of thelandscape composed of residues of old-growth spruce forests, young spruce stands and deforested areas.
This year marks the 160th anniversary of the outbreak of the January Uprising, a great Polish national and patriotic insurrection, because of which nearly 20,000 actively fighting Poles were exiled deep into the Russian Empire. One of the convicts who served hard labor in Siberia was Benedykt Dybowski. Less than two years before the outbreak of the uprising, his scientific career found institutional support as he obtained a professor position at the Department of Zoology at the Main School in Warsaw. His participation in the uprising resulted in his arrest and sentence of 12 years of hard labor. While staying in Siberia, Dybowski organized a group of exiles around himself, including Wiktor Godlewski, Michał Jankowski, Alfons Parvex, and Władysław Ksi żopolski, who under his supervision con-ducted intensive research on the fauna of East and North Asia. Throughout his exile, Benedykt Dybowski has made enormous contributions to the development of biological sciences, especially zoology. For this reason, the present volume of “Memorabilia Zoologica” focuses on the collection of zoological specimens he obtained during his research in Siberia. Currently, these materials are preserved in the Zoological Collection of the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. The content of this volume presents novel data on the scientific work of Siberian exiles and their connections with zoological institutions in Warsaw, such as the Zoological Cabinet and the Branicki Museum. However, a major part of the publication constitutes an extensive catalog of 19th-century scientific materials obtained by Benedykt Dybowski and his peers. The presented data was obtained directly from the original labels attached to the in-vestigated specimens. In particular, the presented list contains information on several thousand zoological specimens, including many descriptive types. Most of the included individuals were collected between 1861 and 1889, and represent arachnids, insects, mol-lusks, and birds. They originate mainly from the Transbaikal area, the “Amur and Ussuri Krai” (now Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai), as well as Kamchatka and the Commander Islands. Furthermore, some extremely valuable materials were also collected on Sakhalin and Askold Islands, off the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and Japan, in Mongolia, Korea, China, and Japan. The exploratory and scientific involvement of Polish zoologists had a huge impact on the global development of taxonomic and zoogeographic research in the discussed area of Asia. <br>
Thomas’s model (1949) assumes that agglomerations of individuals are distributed at random and the number of agglomerations per unit area is consistent with numbers in Poisson’s distribution. Thus in the situation described, around paternal plants distributed at random their progeny colonize forming with each paternal plant spatially separate agglomerations. Probability P(X) of finding x individuals on the surface area is illustrated by equation (35).Neyman’s model (1939) in relation to population spatial structure assumes that: (a) individuals occur in groups distributed at random on the surface area and (b) random numbers of individuals in particular agglomerations; thus it is a form of complex Poisson’s distribution. Probability P of finding sample surface with x individuals is calculated using equation (45).It can be expected that the empirical distribution will be consistent with negatively binomial theoretical distribution if the assumptions of Bernouillie’s scheme (Platt 1974) are fulfilled except the one about constant conditions under which the experiment is being carried out. Probability P(X) of finding x individuals on sample surface in the distribution discussed is illustrated by equation (49).In all theoretical models the consistence of empirical distribution with corresponding model of theoretical distribution is checked using test X2 (3). This consistency proves about random distribution of individuals or their agglomerations only in the scale of sample surface area. In order to obtain a true spatial differentiation of population structure it is indispensable to use sample surface of different size when analysing the same object.In studies of spatial sequence of density values good results are obtained using a nonparametric series test for samples taken by means of transect method (Kwiatkowska 1972, Weber 1972).As opposed to statistical methods, for which the most correct is the random sampling scheme, cartographical methods are based on systematical arrangement of samples. Depending on the size of investigated area either the ,,lattice” method is used, where each basic unit is characterized by a determined character value, or the „grid” method (Kwiatkowska and Symonides 1978b). In the first case the place of occurrence of individuals can be shown according to the principle of topographical distribution obtaining the so-called one weight or muiti- weight pointed map (Figs. 1, 2), or according to the principle of cartogramic distribution obtaining the so-called cartogram (Fig. 3). In the grid method only chosen „points” of space forming a system of regular sexpartites, or more frequently shifted squares, are taken into consideration (Fig. 4a) and the final effect of cartographic elaboration is the so-called interpolation map (Fig. 4b). The extent to what this map is detailed depends on the density of measurement points and also on the number of intervals into which the range of variable is divided.Cartographical methods illustrate spatial relations between individuals and their agglomerations and frequently allow to estimate the type of spatial structure of population. In doubtful cases the nonparametric series test should be additionally applied.
Three larval instars of Nearctic Agathidium angulare Mannerheim, 1852, are described in detail and the first and third stage larvae are figured for the first time; morphology of the stages was analyzed and compared, with special emphasis on measurements, chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head, mouthparts, thorax, abdomen, leg andurogomphi. Preliminary discussion on larval characters of the genus Agathidium is provided.
Three new and a known species of Aporcelaimus are reported and described from Alaska, all belonging to the smaller representatives (3 to 5 mm) of the genus. A. boreus sp. nov. resembles A. superbus (de Man, 1880), but it differs by longer spear and spicula, and number and arrangement of male supplements. A. brzeskii sp. nov. differs from species having some of the supplements within the range of spicula by longer body and much longer spicula. A. femineus sp. nov. is characterized by arrangement of pharyngeal gland nuclei, mammillated egg shells and lack of sperm in uterus of gravid females. A. conicaudatus Altherr, 1953 is redescribed, and its taxonomic position discussed. A list of the know terrestrial nematode species in Alaska is added.
Three new Apophylia species (A. pesai, A. halberstadti and A. dembickyispp. nov.) are described from Indian provinces Meghalaya, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Apophylia vietnamica Samoderzhenkov, 1988, is recorded for the first time in India. Male genitalia are figured for all species.
Three new genera of extinct Dictyopharidae, Lophopidae and Eurybrachyidae respectively are described. Wedelphus gen. nov. with Wedelphus dichopteroides sp.nov. placed in Dictyopharidae, Baninus gen. nov. with Baninus thuringiorum sp. nov.of the family Lophopidae and Amalaberga gen. nov. with Amalaberga ostrogothiorum sp. nov. placed in Eurybrachidae (first fossil record of the family) are described, all fromdeposits of the Grube Messel Lagerstätte in Germany. A representative of an unrecognised family, possibly related to Henriksenopterix Petrulevičius, 2005 is reported. The oil shales of the Messel maar in Hessen are well known for their extremely rich fossil flora and fauna. They are of Lower Middle Eocene age (about 48 million years) and contain a highly diverse insect fauna.
Three new sites of Lasius neglectus, an expansive invasive polygynous and polydomous ant species, are reported from Warsaw, its northern most known locality. A key to the Polish representatives of the subgenus Lasius s.str. is given.
Three new species Brenthorrhinoides latipecteris sp. nov., B. angustipecteris sp. nov., B. magnoculi sp. nov. within the family Nemonychidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) are described and illustrated. All the fossils were recovered from theYixian Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of western Liaoning Province, China. A brief review of fossil nemonychids and a key to species within the genus Brenthorrhinoides are provided. Furthermore, possible host plants to these ancient nemonychids are discussed.
Three new species of Apophylia are described, illustrated and compared with related taxa: A. liska sp. nov. (India: Meghalaya), A. blecha sp. nov. and A. algie sp. nov.(both India: Tamil Nadu). Apophylia pavlae Bezděk, 2003 is proposed as a new synonym of A. melli Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963. New faunistical data of 34 Apophylia species are presented. Apophylia phuphanensis Bezděk, 2006 is newly reported from Vietnam,A. vietnamica Samoderzhenkov, 1988 from China, A. denisae Bezděk, 2005 from Thailand, A. hajeki Bezděk, 2003 from India, A. schawalleri Medvedev, 1992 from Chinaand A. samoderzhenkovi Medvedev, 1993 from India.
Three new species of mites of the subfamily Tydeinae: Brachytydeus stebayevi, Brachytydeus comaliatus and Brachytydeus karoli from Siberia are described.
Three new species of the feather mite (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: subfamily Pterodectinae) are described from passerines from Central Africa: Montesauria faini sp. nov. from the African Golden-breasted Bunting, Emberiza flaviventris Stephens, 1815 (Emberizidae), M. pallida sp. nov. from the Red-headed Weaver, Anaplectes rubriceps (Sundevall, 1850) (Ploceidae), and Pedanodectes blaszaki sp. nov. from the Copper Sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus (Shaw, 1812), (Nectariniidae).
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