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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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The aim of this article is to investigate the correlation between the properties of aggregated fuzzy relation R and the individual fuzzy relations Ri. The problem originates from multicriteria decision making, where aggregation procedures realized the way for compensation between some evaluations. The quasi–linear means will be taken as aggregation functions. The author will make an attempt at answering two questions: does relation R obtained by aggregation of relations Ri have the same kind of ∗–transitivity as basic relations? If we don’t obtain a positive answer, we will try to investigate which ∗–transitive class of relation do the results of aggregation belong to? T–norms will be taken as ∗.
The aim of this paper is to indicate problems of imprecision in phonetic information particularly in the articulatory description of the speech sounds of a given language. The author attempts to show how fuzzy sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets can shed new light on the description of phonetic phenomena.
The aim of this paper is to present an overview of issues concerning negotiations considered as a part of resource allocation processes in the Grid. Negotiations constitute one of the crucial phases of establishing the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between a client and a service provider. European research project that have been realized in the last few years, represent various approach_es to integration of business processes and the Grid architecture as well as methods of establishing SLA between Grid users. Therefore, experience gained in these projects will be used in the project that utilizes programming agents as resource brokers in the Grid. As a part of the project a special module is being developed that provides generic mechanisms to conduct different variants of negotiations uti lizing various negotiation strategies. A cross the project an extended Grid ontology will be used to represent knowledge.
The aim of this paper it to present an overview of S-implications defined in Atanassov’s intuitionistic and interval-valued fuzzy set theory. In particular we discuss their properties, characterizations and representations theorems
The aim of this work is to construct a model of hazard related interdependence of these processes. This model should describe the impact of hazardous or harmful events occurring in one process (intrinsic to that process) on the risks of such events adversely affecting the other processes.
Algorytm wyznaczania negocjacyjnego rozwiązania w modelach wymiany bazuje na wyznaczaniu Pareto optymalnych punktów zmodyfikowanej A- charakterystycznej funkcji dla koalicji. Rozpatrywane są koalicje, które gwarantują co najmniej b jednostek –dóbr biorących udział w wymianie każdemu uczestnikowi wymiany. Negocjacyjne rozwiązanie akceptowalne przez wszystkich uczestników biorących udział w wymianie jest indywidualnie i grupowo racjonalnym wektorem wypłat.
All rights reserved. The document is proprietary of the GESAPU consortium members. No copying or distributing, in any form or by any means, is allowed without the prior written agreement of the owner of the propeny rights. This document reflects only the authors' view.
Almost from the beginning of IIASA, the region, being a specific socio-economico-ecotechno system has been considered as an object of international East-West studies. Two research groups, one from the management and technology area, another from the regional development field have worked together for about ten years.
An approach to implicit structures of data constrained in computational procedures is presented herein. Transformations of them are looked for in order to obtain a desired effect of convergence in performed evaluations. First, a kinship between such structures has been elucidated by means of a resemblance comparator on weak Brouwerian lattices. Certain group representations introduced turned out to support suitable transformations imposed on the given set of data. An algorithm has been elaborated on the grounds of theoretical derivations. Data given by sets of multidimensional vectors were structured by associating elements of a Boolean ring (multidimensional bounded intervals) which enabled structural modifications. This yielded decreases of the function computed in an example of energy determination for the helium atom. The stabilization of data relationships was exercised in the course of computations. Skipping effect surpassing results of standard procedures circa 2500% has been shown and illustrated by relevant plots. The method is intended to open a way for a better efficiency in large scale computations, e.g., in many electron system evaluations with high accuracy. This should additionally be stressed that other approaches like extrapolations, genetic algorithrns, etc. have not equally approved their power in resolving hard problems of efficient convergence predictions.
An efficient and general method for calculating an exact value of relative cardinality of Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) is still an open problem. In this paper we make a step towards the solution of this problem by proposing an algorithm for computing relative cardinality of IFSs based on algebraic t-norm.
An idea of interactive procedure is presented supporting analysis and chcice of aggregated development program of national economy according to preferences of a given collective of experts. The procedure has been used in experiments done with participation of 9 experts. In the experiments an aggregated complex development model KMR2 has been utilised for calculation of effects resulting form proposed and considered development programs.
An integrated approach on the research field "Land use - land cover change modelling" was developed. DPSIR models provide greater insight into the processes that are at work in complex environments. These frameworks aim at bridging between science and policy, promoting a better steering of complex terrestrial and aąuatic ecosystems.
An interactive DSS for consensus reaching is presented. Experts provide their testimonies as fuzzy preference relations. The consensus reaching process is supervised by a moderator ("super - expert"). A degree of consensus, based on the concept of a fuzzy majority given as a fuzzy linguistic quantifier is employed. Algorithms of cluster analysis are used to find groups of experts having similar preference relations.
An intuitionistic fuzzy subtraction, generated by the intuitionistic fuzzy negation ¬19 is constructed. Some of its basic properties are studied
An iterative procedure for estimation of the area surrounded by a simple closed curve in the real 2D space is proposed. We employ the Pick’s Formula for calculating the area surrounded by a special types of polygons. Starting from an initial grid-step and ending up with a smaller grid-step - satisfactory to be able to build the inner and outer polygons. We propose in this paper also a formula for intuitionistic fuzzy estimation for the area surrounded the curve. The proposal is a numerical method allowing to program the algorithm in any procedural language. The iterative process stops when a satisfactory small enough limit between the upper and lower estimation has been reached.
An overview of certain properties of mutual rank probabilities in partially ordered sets (posets) together with some new theoretical and experimental results are given. In a first part, transitivity properties are studied. It is shown that the type of transitivity shown by mutual rank probabilities nicely fits into the cycle-transitivity framework tailor-made for expressing transitivity of reciprocal relations. In a second part, so-called linear extension majority cycles (LEM cycles) which can occur in posets with n 2: 9 elements are studied. Minimum cutting levels to avoid such LEM cycles are derived. In a last part approximation formulae for the mutual rank probabilities are established and their accuracy is compared for posets on up to 11 elements.
An urban-scale computer model for short term prediction of city ai_r quality is presented. The physical process of pollutant dispersion is described by distributed parameters advection-diffusion equation. The model, utilising meteorological forecast, calculates spatial and tempora! distribution of pollutant concentration in complex urban area. Some test computation~ have been conducted for Warsaw case. Basing on. prediction r:nodel, a computer program for real-time control of emission redistribution in urban area is constructed.
Analiza i wybór scenariuszy rozwoju gospodarczego wymaga uwzględnienia wielu kryteriów, z których znaczna część jest trudna do sformalizowania. Często jedynym rozwiązaniem jest odwołanie się do opinii ekspertów. W pracy przedstawiono możliwości formalizacji procesu zbierania opinii ekspertów oraz generowania oceny grupowej przy użyciu systemu komputerowego EKSPERT , opracowanego w IBS PAN. Ocena grupowa stanowi wynik odpowiedniej agregacji indywidualnych i niezależnych opinii ekspertów. Analiza ocen grupowych uzyskanych przy użyciu różnych metod agregacji pozwala w niektórych przypadkach ocenić ukryte preferencje ekspertów oraz wskazać na tworzące się koalicje. Przyjmuje się, że scenariusze rozwoju są uzyskane również w sposób sformalizowany, tzn. przy użyciu modelu komputerowego. Zadaniem ekspertów jest uporządkowanie zbioru przedstawionych scenariuszy lub wybranie najlepszego z nich. Przedyskutowano wady i zalety tego podejścia oraz podano wskazania warunkujące powodzenie tego typu przedsięwzięć.
Analiza ryzyka jest zagadnieniem o charakterze fundamentalnym dla działania banku jako instytucji zaufania publicznego. Szerokie spektrum wymagań nakładanych na banki przez współczesny nadzór bankowy zwiększa wymagania co do systemów informacji zarządczej. Autorzy wskazują na możliwości wykorzystania informacji w standardowym sformalizowanym przez Narodowy Bank Polski formacie Bankowej Informacji Sprawozdawczej. W artykule opisano zastosowanie metod systemów On Line Analytical Process (OLAP) i znanych z technologii stosowanych do tworzenia hurtowni danych.
Analizę zjawisk ekonomicznych, a w szczególności wpływu postępu technicznego, można prowadzić - zgodnie z propozycją R.Sato - stosując teorię ciągłych grup przekształceń . W pracy omówiono podstawowe elementy tego podejścia , zwracając szczególną uwagę na zagadnienia analizy i syntezy funkcji produkcji. Na podstawie analizy wybranych opisów funkcji produkcji wskazano na konieczność stosowania różnych definicji niezmienniczości (niezmienniczość funkcji, równania różniczkowego, funkcjonału całkowego). Zaproponowano ogólny schemat postępowania przy analizie własności funkcji produkcji odniesionych do wpływu postępu technicznego. Rozpatrywane podejście zilustrowano przykładem analizy wybranej funkcji produkcji.
Analysis and interpretation of poetry is based on qualitative features of its text such as its semantics or means of expression as well as on general knowledge about the author and artistic period. Recent advances in automatic text processing allow for performing quantitative analysis of large sets of poetry. Their results may facilitate assessment of linguistic capabilities of its author or in other words his poetic mastery. This contribution presents a method of calculating the share of grammatical rhymes in Polish poetry, known as 'Częstochowa' rhymes. It is used to create a ranking of both historic and contemporary Polish poets based on technical quality of their rhymes. Comparative study and statistical analysis is developed using Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz as a reference poem for Polish poetry. Assessment of technical mastery is one step towards the introduction of objective measures of poetic quality.
Analysis of geographica11y related data often requires the combination of data from different sources. Data are commonly represented in grids, and unfortunately, the grids containing different data do not match properly: they can differ in cell size and/or orientation. A novel methodology was presented to a1Jow the data of one grid to be remapped onto the other grid. The method makes use of a fu7..zy inference system that performs the remapping, using additional information relating to the data distribution. Previous research has revealed that the best parameters used in the inference system are dependent on the input, and as such an automatic determination of which parameters should be used, would improve the performance. In this article, we propose a solution for this automatic dctcc:tion, hy first, gC'ncrating a training set that is related to the input and then determining what the best parameters are for this training set.
Analyzis presented in the paper is focused on the basic properties of the discrete distributed lag models. Such models are commonly used in modeling dynamic systems in different applications. In the presented considerations the time-varying distributed lags are analyzed. Complex distributed lag models analyzed in this paper are those, which are a result of summing or superposition of component distributed lag models. Analysis is restricted to models having lag distribution and mean value of those lag distributions. Paper presents relations between the mean values and variances of the lag distributions of the complex distributed lag models and of the component distributed lag models. Paper presents also relations between variance of the random term of the complex distributed lag models and the variance of random variable of the component distributed lag models.
The anonymous data from 1352 companies concern- ing the economic climate in Polish servicing sector from the Euro- pean Economic Survey 2005 was obtained by courtesy of The Polish Chamber of Commerce. The Grade Correspondence Analysis (GCA) with posterior clustering (GCCA) is introduced and applied to this data. The main task of this analysis is to create the first view of data and to reveal their latent structure. This provides an insight into the economic factors and enables making conclusions about business conditions in Poland.
ANPLAR jest systemem komputerowym wspomagającym planistów regionalnych przy opracowywaniu średniookresowych strategii rozwoju społeczno - gospodarczego regionu. Pozwala na opracowanie i porównanie wielu wariantów rozwoju różniących się założeniami planistycznymi. Podstawowym elementem systemu jest sformułowany w postaci wielokryterialnego zadania programowania liniowego model matematyczny. Wprowadzanie, modyfikacja danych oraz prezentacja wyników odbywa się , w trybie dialogowym. Wymagania sprzętowe I mikrokomputer klasy IBM. PC/XT/AT z koprocesorem 640 Xb RAM, dysk twardy, drukarka, monitor.
Antropologia filozoficzna wykazuje związki z wieloma innymi działami nauk,tj. zajmuje się problematyką człowieka w różnych jej aspektach:etyczno-moralnym,estetycznym,socjologicznym,psychologicznym.Z tego ·względu sięga ona do bardzo rozmaitych źródeł jako materiału swych analiz ogólnych.
The apparatus of Generalized Nets (GN) is here applied to a description of an advisory system for on-line control of yeast fed-batch cultivation. The advisory system has been built over the preliminary developed system for functional state recognition, both elaborated using EpiData – free software for entering and documenting data. Developed here GN model could advise the user which new functional state can be reached and what kind of control actions have to be taken. The advisory system and its GN model appear as an expert system, comprising knowledge of well-trained operators of cultivation processes. Developed GN model of the advisory system is here applied to a fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The applicability of the selected fuzzy logic related concepts for the purposes of data representation and manipulation in relational databases is considered. The concepts discussed include fuzzy logical connectives for data querying and possibility distributions for data representation.
Approximate reasoning is one of the most effective fuzzy systems. The compositional rule of inference founded on the logical law Modus Ponens is furnished with a true conclusion, provided that the premises of the rule are true as well. There exist different approaches to an implication, being the crucial part of the rule, but we are especially fond of the results brought by the early implication proposed by Zadeh [18, 19], which is modified in our practical model concerning a medical application. The approximate reasoning system, grounded on the extended version of Modus Ponens law, will be employed here to predict a chance of positive effects of the operation on a patient who suffers from stomach cancer. The patient’s CRP (Creactive proteins) symptom level, pathologically heightened, indicates the presence of a disease. When the CRP-value does not exceed a critical border it can be realistic to try surgery to recover the patient from his/her illness due to Do-Kyong Kim [4]. We wish to evaluate the verbal prognosis of the surgery by involving particularly designed fuzzy sets in the algorithm of approximate reasoning.
Argument reduction methods of the decision tables based on combinatorial algorithms are described in this paper. With the help of these methods, reduction in the size of decision tables can be achieved. A software tool for classification problem is presented in this article. This tool has a hybrid structure which consists of proposed reduction strategies mixed with the classical decision rules generator based on genetic algorithms. This tool achieves significant benefits from argument reduction during the analysis process of data dependencies.
The article analyzes the main issues related to sustainable development and water prices, and proposes a method to assess the impact of economic incentives (such as charges) on water consumption. The article presents the basic principles of water pricing: providing an incentive for efficient use of water, fair distribution of costs, consideration of social issues, and keeping the tariff structure rather simple and easy to implement. Conclusions and hints are presented on the correct price systems aimed at more sustainable consumption.
The article calculates the membership function for the multiplication of two L - L fuzzy numbers.
The article concerns a comparative analysis of local government finance in selected countries on the basis of uniform data published by international institutions. The finances of entire local government sectors were analyzed, including local governments and various institutions of the local government sector in the period 1999-2011 (13 years). The approach uses the same data base for all institutions of the sector in EU and OECD countries, the same methodology of national accounts and enables investigation of debt and deficit consistently with the EU procedure of excessive deficit. All EU countries and countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), such as Norway, the USA and Japan, were studied. Results for selected EU countries were presented.
The article concerns the management of intellectual capital. Optimization problems for the company were solved and the concept of intellectual capital was defined. Two different methodologies were discussed.
The article concerns the state of the computerization of Polish communal waterworks firms in the area of GIS systems, monitoring systems, hydraulic models and optimization algorithms appropriated for planning and controlling of the water networks.
The article considers decision-making problems in a situation where the prior probabilistic information about the state of nature and decision maker's utility function are imprecisely defined. In such a case the risks (or the expected utility) of considered decisions are also imprecisely defined. A two-step procedure for finding the optimal decision has been proposed. First, possible decisions were ordered using the λ-average ranking method by Campos and Gonzalez. Then the possibilistic Possibility of Dominance and Necessity of Strict Dominance indices proposed by Dubois and Prade were used to compare the consequences of the most promising solutions.
The article considers the estimation of constant parameters in the homogeneous differential equation models of systems with time varying but bounded parameters. In this case the parameter estimates can take any value within bounds. In the first order models the estimates converge to the mean values or to the weighted mean values, depending on the methodology of estimation. In the higher order models this problem may be more complicated. For the periodically varying parameters a good policy to estimate the mean value is to observe the system with the constant period of parameters variation. Other observation schema may conduce not only to biased estimates of the parameters but also to biased estimate of the system order when it is estimated statistically. Examples of modelling problems connected with the varying parameters encountered in real systems are presented.
The article considers the problem of the evaluation of systems reliability using statistical data coming from the reliability tests of its elements when the life times of the elements are described by the exponential distribution. It is assumed that these lifetime data may be reported imprecisely, and that this lack of precision may be described by fuzzy sets. As the direct application of the fuzzy sets methodology leads, in the considered case, to very complicated and time consuming calculations, simple approximations of fuzzy numbers by the shadowed sets introduced by Pedrycz (1998) have been proposed. The proposed methodology may be simply extended to the case of general lifetime probability distributions.
The article deals with fuzzy C-equivalences and the problem of the preservation of their properties by some aggregation functions. This paper gives a contribution to the discussion of tolerance analysis in soft computing, decision making, approximate reasoning, and fuzzy control.
The article deals with generalization of the non-derivative discrete gradient method of Bagirov et al. for minimizing a locally Lipschitz function f on Rn . The existing convergence result for this method has been strengthened by showing that it either drives the f -values to -∞ or each of its cluster points is Clarke stationary for f, without requiring compactness of the level sets of f. This generalization is an approximate bundle method, which also subsumes the secant method of Bagirov et al.
The article deals with the problems of knowledge acquisition, structurization and representation in the decision support system directed to the dynamlcally changing environment. The approach or representing static and dynamie aspects of the enterprise system and refleding them on the deep knowledge representation level, uniting wilh different decision making mechanisms provided by dilferent specialist-experts, is proposed. The resnlts or modelling are demonstrated by the examples developed dnring the designing stages of the object ecological evaluation system.
The article defines order-Lipschitzian properties of multifunctions and we investigate local upper order-lipschitzness and ordercalmness of efficient points of a set depending upon a parameter.
The article describes the concept of integration the Content Management System (CMS) with a digital signature. Content management systems are often associated with WWW management tools. However, WWW management is one of many applications where the CMS could be used. Some of the numbers CMS applications include business solutions that can manage the whole process of document management and the work flow. One of the business implementations of the CMS systems is the Universal Content Management. The solution described in here extends the functionality of the standard CMS to electronic document signing. The electronic signing module was implemented based on presented concept. Only the PDF format is supported by the current version.
The article discusses an example of software implementation of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) - a method aimed in translating customer requirements onto technical specification of a product. The Multi-stage Picking- out Method was applied to collect voice of the customer. It was then processed by the Kano Space Method. Finally, a Quality House was built for the example product.
The article discusses the notions of local and global sharp and weak sharp solutions to vector optimization problems. As an application we provide sufficient conditions for stability of solutions in perturbed problems and we specialize these conditions to linear multicriteria problems.
The article established the global existence and uniqueness of solution for the three-dimensional and two-dimensional quasilinear thermoelasticity system which arises as a mathematical model of shape memory alloys. The system represents a multi-dimensional version with viscosity and capillarity of the well-known Falk model for one-dimensional martensitic phase transitions. In the set-up considered by Pawlow and Zajączkowski (2005) some conditions have been required for the nonlinear term. In this article, this result has been improved by making less restrictive assumptions.
The article exhibits the research parks in North Carolina as the example knowledge management in region. Presents a partnership between universities, business and loca! and state government in North Carolina for the economic development of this region. This co-operation depends on technology transfer from universities to business and industry research partnerships. The author presents genesis of Research Triangle Park, Piedmont Triad research Park and Centennial Campus in North Carolina and results of their activity for economy of state. The article exhibits bene.fils a co-operation for particular partners. The process of knowledge management in region is a chance for his development
The article gives a nonderivative version of the gradient sampling algorithm of Burke, Lewis and Overton for minimizing a locally Lipschitz function f on Rn that is continuously differentiable on an open dense subset. Instead of gradients of f, estimates of gradients of the Steklov averages of f were used. It has been shown that the nonderivative version retains the convergence properties of the gradient sampling algorithm. In particular, with probability 1 it either drives the f-values to -∞ or each of its cluster points is Clarke stationary for f.
The article presents a few problems of the knowledge based IT-projects management system implementation. In the beginning, the new integrated project management model, created by the author, is briefly discussed. The next part of the paper describes the key elements of the knowledge based environment concept. Finally, the main problems of creating the knowledgebased environment of the iT-projects management system are briefly.
The article presents a method of financial feasibility analyses for strategy implementation, with utilization of computer models and multi-year planning and programming, as well as examples of decision making process regarding investment financing and acquiring EU funds by a LG. The presented example and method of long-term financial and investment analysis and planning is typical of LG thinking - it leads to maximization of funds for financing development and infrastructure, and contributes to the improvement of life of local societies in Poland.
The article presents Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Activity Based Management (ABM) and software for supporting these methods. The criteria for the functionality of the software were presented: the designing and model architecture criteria as well criteria of using data from the ABC models. Various possibilities for using information technology supporting ABC/M method were characterised: from using spreadsheets, through modules of ERP systems, stand alone ABC specialised packages to full integrated solutions including also OLAP tools.
The article presents an approach to the evaluation of the topological derivative for the energy type functional. The approach is based on the representation of the energy functional in the form of a minimization procedure for regularly perturbed quadratic functional. It is of some importance for the variational inequalities because it allows to derive the formulae for the topological derivatives which coincide with the formulae obtained for the corresponding liner boundary value problems.
Article presents issues related to efficiency in Web based advertising. One of the problems is selectively targeting advertisements to Web users based on their specific interests and other information without compromising personal privacy. Among other existing solutions multicriteria optimization approach to campaign optimization has been proposed as possible way of non-intrusive targeting. Presented models can be implemented as base for two level decision support system.
The article presents reliability sampling plans by attributes and variables which are useful in reliability practice. For sampling plans by variables, procedures valid in cases of the exponential and the Weibull distributions of lifetimes were presented. Different types of sampling plans with different types of censoring were considered. Special attention is devoted to procedures described in international standards related to reliability.
The article presents the current state of knowledge of decision makers in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the field of possibilities the Internet offers for marketing activities, and their needs and expectations regarding the new marketing medium. Next, the focus is directed towards e-learning as a tool supporting decision makers in acquiring knowledge and skills in the field of e-marketing. Moreover, the idea of intelligent Internet-based training system facilitating implementation and maintenance of e-marketing in SMEs is outlined in the article.
The article presents the new paradigms of IT project management. In the beginning, the analysis of the evolution of IT projects and related management concepts is discussed. The second part of the paper describes the key areas of the project management, among which, according to the author, quality management, knowledge management and virtual project environment management are mentioned. Eventually, the basie tools of the integrated project management, working under modified systems' conditions, are briefly characterized.
The article presents the problems of adoption visualization in the business enterprise. At the beginning the author describes the idea of visualization and visualization techniques. Next parts contain description of Jour solutions used to visualization in the business information systems and the idea of visual data exploration and visualizing online activities. The last section presents the most important development trends of visualization in the business enterprises.
The article presents the rnain tendencies of developrnent of the integrated Business lnforrnation Systems (BIS) and their influence on the irnplernentation strategies of the IT-systerns. The trends of development of the abovernentioned solutions are being shortly discussed and the three rnain tendencies are identified (narned EERP, eERP/iERP and @ERP). Then, the three rnain strategies related to the new versions of ERP systerns are described. The first one is the functional extension strategy (related to the EERP concept). The second one is the changing of the formula and the business space strategy (related to the eERP/iERP solutions). The third one is the active supporting of the change strategy (related to the @ERP idea).
The article presents the structure of model checker for verification of object-oriented programs and an algorithm to implement the model checker. The algorithm of model checker, as well as its input components (function, which is subject to verification and its specification) are defined by means of generalized nets. To simplify the description the algorithm of the model checker is presented in the case when the object-oriented program consists of one class and a main function that uses the class.
The article proposes a method to derive classification rules that correctly describe all the examples belonging to a class and do not describe all the examples not belonging to this class. The method bases on an evolutionary algorithm with dedicated to that problem specialized operators and a method of valuing their behavior. The new concept of the proposed method is that every solution obtained from the algorithm (every member of the population in the evolutionary algorithm) contains rules which describe all classes of the training data. So it is a complete solution that covers all the examples presented to the algorithm.
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