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Repozytoria RCIN
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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
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INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
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INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
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INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
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INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
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INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
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INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
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INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
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SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
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MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
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INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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- 1. Mechanisms of biodegradation of aromatic structure in aerobic conditions.2. Anaerobic mechanisms of biodegradation of aromatic structure.3. Degradation of chlorinated phenols.4. Biotechnological methods of degradation of phenols from industrial waste waters.
- The 14-3-3S constitute a family of highly homologous proteins, first discovered in brain tissue and now thought to be present in all eukaryotic cells. Recently, thirteen cDNAs in Arabidopsis, seven in human cells and six in potato
- 2 mm explants of immature inflorescences (0,5-3 cm) produced calluses on MS medium with 0,5 mg x M BAP and 2,5 mg x M 2,4-D. The surface sterilization in 10% sodium hypochloride for 20 min was successful in 74%. After 20 days of incubation, the surfaces of all explants were covered by callus. After 2 months of culture, from most of calluses embryo-like structures developed. The highest frequency of fully regenerated plants was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1-2 mg X |-> BAP. The regeneration rate of the cultured calluses for the first two weeks in 16 h day fotoperiod was twice as high as the one under a continuous light. Only two out of 6 thousand cultured mature spikelets produced calluses from which 574 plants were obtained after multiplication. Most of the plants obtained from the explants representing immature as mature inflorescences survived the transfer into soil in the greenhouses.
- 21 września 2004 r. na Wydziale Biotechnologii i Nauk 0 Żywności Politechniki Łódzkiej, w ramach XXXV Sesji Naukowej Komitetu Nauk o Żywności PAN, odbyło się Inauguracyjne Walne Zgromadzenie członków Polskiej Federacji Biotechnologii (PFB).
- 600 students (aged 16-years) of colleges of city of Łódź were surveyedabout biotechnology. The students represent higher knowledge of modern biotechnology than average either in Poland or in European Union.
- A biological method of sewage treatment using nitrification and denitrification processes, isdescribed. Model rotating beds connected in series and continually supported were used. Exceptfor parameters of total organic load — COD, BOD and TOC, the concentration of different formsof nitrogen as well as oxygen were determined and controlled.
- A biomarker, or molecular marker, or reporter gene is defined as a DNA sequence introduced into organisms. It confers a distinct genotype or phenotypeto enable monitoring in a given environment.
- A broad application of molecular biology techniques and new multidisciplinary approachesin studies on cancer pathogenesis resulted in a better understanding of the early events innatural and induced oncogenesis. In spite of significant improvement in diagnostic and prognostictechniques and possibilities, as well as in the development of new therapeutic strategies, theeffects of cancer patients treatment are far from expectations. The aim of this lecture is to finda bridge between a current understanding of early events during oncogenesis and the complexityof cancer disease, whose development and course is a consequence of interactions on variouslevels, local as well as systemic between cancer cells and cellular components of patients surveillance and homeostasis systems.
- A dynamic model of the activated sludge wastewater treatment system is presented. The componentsof the model are submodels of the primary settling tank, the system of aerobic and anoxic activatedsludge tanks and the secondary settling tank. Application of the model to the choice of appropriate controlstrategy for an overloaded treatment plant is illustrated. Four control strategies with different by-pass andsludge recirculation patterns have been analysed. The carried out simulations showed that by-passing canlead to substantial increase of the load discharged from the plant as compared to the options involving fullbiological treatment of incoming wastes.
- a-Glucosidases release terminal, 1,4- and to lesser extend, 1,6- linked a-glucose residues of disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and aryl-glucosides. Amongthese, novel thermostable enzymes from hyperthermophiles and moderatethermophiles have been investigated. The aim of this article is to demonstratedifferent sources ofthermostable a-glucosidases, as well as properties and suitability of these enzymes for production of glucose at 90-100°C, e.g., during onestep process initiated by starch liquefaction using commercial a-amylase(Termamyl®).
- A key role of oligosaccharides in biological processes becoming more obvious every day. Anincreasing interest in this group of biomolecules is related to their broad spectrum of applications, i.e. in food, feed and pharmaceutical industries, in cosmetics and medicine
- A large number of different bacteria populations control diverse metabolic processes through production and distribution of specific signal molecules, which concentration in the environment depends on bacteria cell density and rise when bacteria population expands. This strategy is known as quorum sensing (QS), and was first described in Gram-negative, marine bacterium Vibrio fischeh. QS, a mechanism of gene expression regulation dependent on bacteria cell density, is widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria; and controls different physiological processes such as production of virulence factors, conjugal plasmid transfer, antibiotic production, replication, swarming or luminescence. QS functions via signal molecules: in Gram-negative bacteria, the signal molecules belong to the acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). It was found that many bacteria possess the ability to interfere in QS (strategy known as quorum quenching- QQ) by enzymatic degradation of AHLs. Till now, two classes of enzymes able to degrade AHLs have been described: AHL-lactonases and AHL-acylases. AHL-lactonases hydrolyze the ester bond in the lactone ring of AHLs. AHL- -acylases hydrolyze the amide bond between the acyl side chain and the lactone ring in AHLs. Both reactions lead to the inhibition of signal transfer in QS as degradation products cannot act as signal molecules. QS plays a major role in pathogenesis and as such is deeply studied as a useful target for modern, antimicrobial therapy in human medicine and veterinary, as well as in biocontrol of plant diseases.
- A major progress has been made in the last decade in the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in plant responses to stresses. This has been achieved by application of a high-throughput genomics tools. Transcriptome analysis based on the DNA microarray technique has proved its effectiveness in studies of genome level responses to environmental changes and genetic manipulations. From the perspective of a decade, DNA microarrays serve as an invaluable tool for global gene expression analyses, unravelling new information about genes, pathways and their transcriptional regulation networks. In this review, we present applications of the DNA microarrays and a basic analysis of microarray data in relation to the transcriptional response of plants to ozone and drought stresses.
- A mathematical model describing esters synthesis catalysed by lipase from MucorJavanicuswas designed. Lipase was in the organic environment and generated water created a separatephase. The model is composed of the following invariable elements: the partition coefficients ofsubstrates (Pac> Pal) products (Pg. Pw) the following variable elements: coefficient ofphase partition (A), the equilibrium constant for the diphasic system (Kqi) and the interactioncoefficients of the reaction medium and lipase (Ij, I2, Iq)-
- A mathematical model describing sucrose esters synthesis in biphasic di-n-phentyl ether —water system by lipase from Mucor circinelloides has been elaborated. This model considerscorrelation between physicochemical factors, dependent on the solvent, substrates, products andtemperature, catalytic factors corresponding to the relationship between lipase and the physicochemical factors of the model (K<,=F(A)), as well quantitative factors whose values may be regulated during the reaction (substrate concentration, phase volume coefficient (A) and water concentration).
- A membrane bioreactor for alcohol fermentation is presented in this paper. Membrane distillation process was used for the removal of ethanol
- A multitude of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) have been isolated and characterizedfrom various plant species (17-23). Based on a phylogeny analysis of the DNA binding domainsand organization of oligomerization domains, they have been assigned to class A and B of theplant HSF family (20,24 and this paper). None of the tested soybean or Arahidopsis HSF classB members were able to function as transcriptional activators and are, therefore, considered tobe inert (26,59). Conversely, class A HSFs from tomato and Arabidopsis displayed an intrinsiciranscriptional activation potential (26,50). There seems to be variation among plant class AHSFs regarding their transcriptional activation functions: some play a key role in activation ofthe heat shock response, while others act in an auxiliary capacity as HSF activity boosters (54).In contrast, the class B inert HSFs are able to trons-attenuate the transcriptional activity ofactivator HSFs (26). We postulated that heat shock regulation in plants may differ from metazoans by partitioning negative and positive functional domains onto separate HSF proteins (59).In plants two classes of HSFs exist: class A members which function as activators of HSP geneexpression, and a novel class B (inert HSFs) which is largely specialized for repression, orattenuation, of the heat shock response.
- A new method called AFLP is presented. The technique involves three steps: restriction ofthe genomic DNA and ligation of adapters, selective PCR amplification of the restriction fragments, identification of the amplified restriction fragments. The AFLP method is a very powerfulDNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity.
- A new method for the formation of chitosan membranes contcuning active cells of E. colimutant producing L-aspartic acid was developed.
- A packed-bed bioreactor with activated-carbon particles as a carrier matrix material inoculated with Thiobacillusferrooxidans was operated at a pH 1.30 to convert ferrous sulfate to ferricsulfate. The experimental variables were dillution rate, medium composition and Fe(II) ion concentration. The reactors were operated within a dillution rate range of 0.013 to 0.560/h andwithin a ferrous sulfate concentration range of 20 to 40 g/1. The aeration rate was 5-7 1/h.It was showed that replacement of the 9K medium with tap water had no negative effect oniron oxidation process.
- A packed-bed bioreactors with activated carbon particles as a carrier for iron-oxidizing bacteria was used for ferrous sulfate oxidation. The bioreactors were operated continuously forabout 2 weeks. The experimental variables were: dillution rate, pH, medium composition andFe(ll) ions concentration.
- A plethora of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) has been obtainedfrom various plant species (33,45-48,50,51). The Arabidopsis genome sequencingproject provided confirmation of the existence of at least twenty one HSFswhich were classified into three major classes. A, B and C, and numerous subclasses (9). Members of HSF class A displayed differential transcriptional activities in tobacco protoplasts that varied from 15- to 50-fold above the controllevel. This diversity of activity levels may reflect HSF variations regarding theirtranscriptional activation functions- some of the members might be the majorheat inducible HSFs (class A1 HSFs), while others act in an auxiliary capacity asHSF activity boosters (38). Two new class B HSFs showed no transcriptional activation potential. Reporter activities due to endogenous tobacco HSFs were inhibited by a class B HSFs showing high expression levels. This suppression ofendogenous HSFs by class B members provides further evidence that class BHSFs are not transcriptional activators, but are able to trons-attenuate thetranscriptional activity of bona fide activator HSFs (34,41). The transcriptionalcompetency of class C HSFs has not been determined.
- A procedure for the preparation of activated sludge floes to study their internal structurewas presented. Sludge samples were stabilized, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtomeinto sections 7 pm thick. The microtome sections were stained with hematoxilyn eosin. Directmicroscopic observations of these sections proved that the micro-slicing technique employed inthis study may be a useful tool in the evaluation of the internal floe structure.
- A quickly increasing amount of biological data, such as DNA/RNA and protein sequences, determines fundamental role of biological databases for functional comparative analysis of genomes/metabolic pathways of various organisms. This is neatly illustrated by ‘Databases’, the new type of scientific Journal that has recently appeared. The Journal is dedicated to bioinformatic data processing and storage. Biological databases and platforms play a crucial role in the development and progress of the systems biology. Systems biology integrates key elements of an organism functions e.g. gene and protein content, regulation of gene expression, enzymes activities, and specific profiles of different metabolites. Therefore, it is possible to generate a holistic and integrated model of basic biological functions and processes that determine an organism phenotype.
- A review of current methods employed for the preparation of modified oligodeoksyribonucleotides and their analogues. The most typical analogues are represented including those withpreserved phosphate-sugar skeleton and those containing no phosphorus in the “intemucleotide”bridge and/or no sugar residue.
- A Short description of the effects of pulse and alternating electric fields on ceils and cellular membranes is presented. Practical implications of these are outlined and the results pertinent for biotechnological applications are summarized.
- A significance of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids y-linolenic, arachidonic,dihomo-y-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic) in mammals and the reasons for their metabolic disturbances were reviewed. Fungi utilization in biosjmthesis of bio/medicallyactive fatty acids waspointed out and the presently used technologies as well as the forthcoming trends were shortlyannounced.
- A single microspore cultured in vitro can be reprogrammed from the development of pollen to divisions and production of a bipolar embryo. The final effect of androgenesis in vitro is conversion of each embryo derived from microspore of a heterozygous plant into a doubled haploid plant in such a way that a population of doubled haploids fully represents the genetic variability of the preceding meiosis.
- A status of plants obtained from interspecific crosses of oriental lillycultivar Marco Polo with Lilium henryi and L henryi with cultivar Marco Polo wastested on the basis of morphology and C-band patterns of chromosomes. Thepositions ofthe secondary constrictions were found to be the best morphological markers. Also chromosomes of different C-band patterns from parentalforms were chosen for hybrids identification. Four out of five plants cultivarMarco Polo x Lilium henryi and one out of four plants from reciprocal crosseswere found to be true hybrids according to chromosomal markers.
- A stimulus for development of the studies on pig somatic cell cloning, especially in recent years, was above all the possibility of its practical application for production of transgenic piglets using in vitro transfected nuclear donor cells and multiplication of genetically-engineered sows and boars generated so far, on the grounds of important implications for biomedicine, pharmacy and agriculture. However, effective pig somatic cell nuclear transfer, avoiding the sexual reproduction pathway, creates a possibility of providing numerous monoge- netic and monosexual offspring derived not only from genetically-transformed individuals, but also from adult (postpubertal) animals of high genetic merit. Generation of cloned transgenic pigs for biomedical purposes to obtain recombinant xenogeneic proteins or organs suitable in xenotransplantology, or to create cell (gene) therapy foundations for a number of serious monogenic diseases that induce heritable (congenital) developmental anomalies, is perceived as a service to humanity.
- A variety of recombinant DNA molecules have been introduced into the germ line of animals.The resulting transgenic animals have a diverse range of phenotypes, some of which were expected and some not anticipated. To date, the majority of transgenic animals are mice. However,recombinant DNA has been introduced into agriculturally important animals such as sheep,rabbits, pigs, chickens, cattle and fish. In this report, we will survey the consequences of transgene expression in agriculturally important mammals in terms of their effects on growth. Also,we will review the data concerning the use of transgenic mammals as “bioreactors” for theproduction of recombinant proteins.
- A vast number of secondary metabolites can be found in the vegetable kingdom. Only thegroup of the alkaloids includes already over 15.000 unique structures
- The ability of four strains of Lactobacillus sp. two strains of Bifidobacterium sp. and one strain of Listeria monocytogenes to adhere to human intestinal cell lines Caco-2, HT-29 and Int 407 was examined. Well-developed monolayers of intestinal cells were obtained when initial concentration of Caco-2 cells was 1 X lO'^/cm^, HT-29 cells 4.2 x lO'^/cm^, and Int 407 cells 2 x lO'^/cm^. The appropriate fetal bovine serum additions for Caco-2, HT-29 and Int 407 were 20%, 10% and 10%, respectively. The reduction of serum addition decreased intestinal cell density and prolonged monolayer development. The highest cell densities in epithelial monolayer were obtained in the Int 407 cell cultures. The yield of bacterial adhesion was strain - dependent. Significant differences were also observed in bacteria adhesion to individual intestinal cell lines. The best adhesion ability to Caco-2 exhibited Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The highest adhesion to HT-29 line demonstrated B. bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus LCl. The adhesion of bacteria to Int 407 was much lower. Significant effect on bacteria adhesion has their cell density being in contact with intestinal monolayer. The adherence of Listeria monocytogenes to Caco-2 and HT-29 was very low in the range of 0.2% and 6.0%, respectively.
- The ability of human and animal immunological system to generate manyhundreds of millions of antibodies with different variable-region domains allows to bind other proteins, peptides and low molecular weight haptens despite the enormous variety of chemical and physical structures that these entities can represent. The prediction of Paul Ehrlich in 1900 an age of „magic bullet applications in human therapeutics is now being realized.
- The ability of plant cells to regenerate complete organisms by somatic embryogenesis in vitro is one of the most important features of plants.Somatic embryogenesis may be defined as the development of embryos from somatic cells, haploid cells or gametopytes and has been observed in about 200 Angiosperm and Gymnosperm species. Somatic embryogenesis in vitro has been described as occuring in two general ways: direct and indirect. The process of indirect embryogenesis can be divided into two phases: 1) induction of callus mass growth and 2) development of proembryogenic cells into the embryos.The potential for somatic embryogenesis is not only genotype-specific but also strongly dependent on the developmental stage of explant and culture conditions. Embryogenic cells formation requires auxin of which 2,4-di-chloro acetic acid (2,4-D) is more commonly used, but the formation of somatic embryos occurs in auxin-free medium. Although a wide range of basal (media) has been used for induction of somatic embryogenesis, the best results were obtained with the Murashige and Skoog salts.An understanding of somatic embryogenesis process increases our ability to utilize it as the technology for mass propagation, modification and improvement of plants.
- The ability of some bacteria and filamentous fungi to degrade aniline and its derivatives has been reported in literature. This report is the first one concerning assimilation of aniline by Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 strain was isolated from wastewater dye factory by enrichement technique. Activity of this strain to degradation of aniline was compared with four bacterial strains: BD1, BZBl, BR 1, and PKN 7, isolated from the same environment and bacteria Bacillus subtilis IBT C-3 derived from the collection of Institute of Technical Biochemistry PŁ. Among the six tested strains capable to assimilate aniline, the most succesfull was Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 which quickly grows in the presence of high concentration of aniline (1-4%) and can degrade this substrate in the yield of 54-63%.
- The ability of the following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Kliebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,Proteus vulgaris. Pseudomonas sp. to uptake cadmium from water solution was investigated.Based on the parameters of Freundlich and Langmuir equations it was found that the kind ofequation describing cadmium uptake by bacteria cells depended on the range of initial cadmiumconcentration in solution. Cadmium uptake by the investigated strains of bacteria from solutionwith low initial concentration of cadmium proceeded according to the Freundlich model. Increasing of the initial cadmium concentration above 30 mg Cd^"^ dm'^ resulted in a change of thecadmium uptake mechanism and sorption was according to the Langmuir model. The bestbiosorbents were Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus vulgaris which showed high sorption ability ina wide range of initial concentrations (1-200 mg Cd^^ dm'^). In the range of low initial cadmiumconcentration (1-30 mg Cd^"^ dm^), the most efficient biosorbent was Kliebsiella pneumoniae.
- The ability to regenerate plants from cultured cells, tissues or organs provides a tool formass propagation or plant transformation of crop species.
- The ability to uptake cadmium of the following biosorbents; alginate gel, free and immobilizedin alginate bacteria KUebsiella pneumoniae was characterized. An average efficiency of cadmiumremoval from solution with initial cadmium concentration range from 1 to 200 mg Cd^^ dm'^was 78.6% by aiginate gel and immobilized bacteria KUebsiella pneumoniae and 60% by freebacteria. The maximum efficiency of cadmium removal from solution with initial concentration1 mg Cd dm was obtained for bacteria immobilized in alginate gel.
- Absidia orchidis can be used as a source of several enzymes, amongst whichchitosanase is one of the most interesting. Chitosanase hydrolyses the links between the mers of glucosamine or between mers of glucosamine andN-acetylglucosamine in the chains of chitosan and chitin.The aim of the presented work was the preliminary investigations of thechitosanase from the fungus Absidia orchidis. This chitosanase is an intracellularenzyme with molecular weight approx. 36 000 Da. The optimal conditions for ahydrolysis of chitosan were pH 4.5 and temperature 25°C. This enzyme is stableat the optimal temperature for 24-48 hours, but after 7 days it was inactivated.
- According to the data to be found in literature, the characteristic of the integrated systems of ultrafiltration and biological method of organic wastewater treatment has been presented (biomembrane systems).In biomembrane systems the biological reactor is blocked with an ultrafiltration module, which replacesthe secondary settling tank and the flow stream from the aeration tank is entirely directed through the membrane system. The ultrafiltration can be integrated w
- The accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) in activated sludge was investigated. Fed-batch culture was carried out using sodium acetate as the source of carbon. A lack of nitrogen was a stimulating factor of accumulation P(3HB). Two experimental series were run. In series 1, nitrogen was fed into a bacterial culture once for the first 24 hours, in series 2 - for 6 hours each day of the experiment.
- The accuracy of real-time PCR (RT-PCR) experiment is strongly dependent on the mathematical models of data analysis, on which the quantitative methods are based. In this review, we discuss the key steps of analysing data from real-time PCR experiments. These are the treshold cycle determination, estimation of real-time PCR amplification efficiency and amplicon quantification. The fit point method and the second derivative method are commonly used to determine a treshold cycle value, which is a cycle number in the early exponential phase of PCR that is used to calculate the initial amount of template DNA.
- Accurate codon recognition by tRNAs is necessary for correct translation of mRNA nucleotide sequence into the protein sequence. Here, different factors contributing to the correct codon reading by tRNAs are reviewed. In particular, the monitoring of codon-anticodon helix geometry by 16S rRNA bases, and the role of tRNA sequence elements and posttranscriptional modifications for modulating codon-anticodon interactions are discussed.
- The activated sludge process is one of the major biological wastewater treatment techniques.The physical properties of the activated sludge floes are interesting for numerous practical reasons, including activated sludge mass transfer phenomena, biomass flocculation, solid-liquidseparation, sludge thickening and dewatering. Application of the advanced measuring techniques,such as image analysis system, and development of specific experimental methods includingsample preparation (embedding procedures and microtome sectioning) as well as multi-exposurephotography with stroboscope illumination source, can provide complex information about floesand may lead to a better understanding of the activated sludge process and more effective controlof the process performance. In this paper, the results of a recent study concerning the physicalproperties and structure of the activated sludge floes are presented.
- Activated sludge with enhanced ability of phosphorus storage and nitrification immobilizedin alginate and alginate-PVA was applied to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water.
- The addition of CaO to waste in ratio 1:1 in relation to diy matter caused from one sidepartly sterilization of waste but from other big losses of nitrogen (about 50%) what decreasedfertilizing value of waste and availability of phosphorus and heavy metals. Mixing of waste withothers organic materials (sawdust pine bam, drops litter, beds after mushroom production) andvermicomposting of mixture allow on the production of very valueable organo-mineral fertilizerand wormth biomass.
- Agrobacterium-med'iated genetic transformation is the only known exampleof horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to Eucaryota including plants, fungiand animal cells. The knowledge of the basic mechanism of this process is thekey to understand problems concerning methods of plant transformation andtransgene expression.
- Agrobacterium — mediated introduction of genes into plant cells is reviewed in the followingtopics: a mechanism of genetic colonization of plants, expression of T-DNA genes in plants,factors controlling production of transgenic plants, evaluation of transformation, using transformation for plant improvement.
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes is used for the transformation of plant cells and production ofhairy roots cultures. In the presented work the bacteriostatic activity of several antibiotics onA. rhizogenes strains was tested. Different concentration of antibiotics belonging to the types ofcefalosporin 11 and 111 generation, P-lactam and fluorochinolon were tested for elimination of thebacteria from transformed tissue. Out of all tested combinations, the mixture of carbenicilin andcefotaksym (claforan) was the most efficient for A. rhizogenes strains elimination from transformed plant tissues. The addition of those antibiotics to the regeneration medium was not toxicto plant tissues and it facilitated rapid growth of haiiy roots.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a gram-negative soil bacterium, is able to transfer DNA to most plant species causing crown gall disease in dicotyledonousplants. Due to this activity Agrobacterium is widely used for plant transformation. The transferred DNA (T-DNA) that resides on a large Ti plasmid is processed within the bacterium and is exported to the plant where it is integrated intothe chromosome. DNA transfer requires plasmid encoded virulence (vir) genesas well as several chromosomal genes. In vivo studies suggested that Agrobacterium proteins are involved in T-DNA transfer and integration. We study the function of virulence proteins VirD2 and VirE2 in T-DNA nuclear import and integration using in vitro systems. We found that the T-DNA is imported into the plantcell nucleus as a complex with VirD2 and VirE2 proteins. The C-terminal NLS ofVirD2 has a piloting function in this process. Import of the T-DNA follows theclassical NLS- and importin-dependent nuclear import pathway for proteins. Forstudies of integration of T-DNA into the plant DNA an in vitro integration/ligation assay has been designed. We have found out that VirD2 is not able to ligatethe T-DNA to the plant DNA in vitro. Consequently, plant enzymes must beinvolved in this process. Indeed, we found an activity responsible for the ligation of T-DNA in extracts from tobacco BY2 suspension cultured cells and frompea axes. This activity is likely to originate from plant DNA ligase, since the T-DNAligation shows the same requirements for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP as ligationmediated by any ATP-dependent DNA ligase. This does not, however, excludethe involvement of other plant enzymes in T-DNA integration.
- The aim of our study is to review the results of genetic transformation of rhododendrons which has been published in scientific literature or presented during scientific conferences so far. Despite complicated and work-consuming protocol, genetic transformation has great potential to improve future ornamental plants. Rhododendrons of tomorrow could have desired morphological architecture and flower pigmentation, resistance to diseases, pests and harmful environmental conditions. Gene transfer experiments that were carried out so far, proved successful. More and more significant factors are discovered during each investigation. However, that study has to be worked out in order to optimize the efficiency of genetic transformation. Then, we can speculate that traditional rhododendron breeding will be hastened. Breeders will have exclusive plants whose genomes will be transformed in terms of desirable features.
- The aim of presented work was to investigate the impact of various lightspectra on the efficiency and intensity ofwheat somatic embryogenesis. The efficiency of somatic embryogenesis was defined as a percentage of explants forming somatic embryos in reference to all cultured explants. Immature embryosat the spherical coleoptile stage were excised from seeds of a few varieties ofwheat and placed onto MS medium (1962) supplemented with 30 pM Dicamba.The influence of blue, white and red light on the callus growth and induction ofsomatic embryogenesis was compared. Increase in proportion between the red(600-700 nm) and blue (400-500 nm) component of light spectrum accelerateddevelopment of somatic embryos and increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis
- The aim of research works carried out at Textile Research Institute in Łódźand the Institute of Technical Biochemistry of the Technical University of Łódźwas testing the possibility of applying pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymescomplex (from Aspergillus niger IBT-90) in the pretreatment process of cottonwoven fabrics. Optimal conditions of pectinolytic enzymes’ biosynthesis and accompanying cellulolytic enzymes and hemicellulases were developed by suitable choice of cultivation culture composition. Cotton fabric treatment wasdone in laboratory scale using different amounts of pectinolytic enzymes. Theactivity of enzymes in the pretreatment of cotton fabrics was evaluated on thebasis of changes of woven fabrics mass and water sorption capabilities afterbiotreatment. The influence of applied pectinolytic enzymes, enriched bycellulases, on the change of chemical composition and strength parameters ofwoven fabrics after biotreatment was also discussed. The evaluation of liquidsorption by cotton woven fabrics was presented, taking into account sorptioncoefficients.
- The aim of the paper is to determine whether the addition of brown coaland peat influences the rate of the aliphatic substance biodegradation in oilybleaching soil (OBS) by properly selected bacterial strains. OBS was taken fromthe NZPT (a fat-processing factory); its characteristics were acidity (pH 4.8) anda 14% aliphatic substance content.
- The aim of the paper was to estimate the applicability of continuous sterilization to theimprovement of bacitracin production technology. Preliminary investigations were carried outand the effects of application of thermal continuous sterilization of substrates were estimated.The quality of sterilized substrates was assessed in fermentation tests. Bacitracin biosynthesiswas carried out on a substrate sterilized by both batch and continuous method. In laboratoryinvestigations a substrate sterilized by the continuous method enabled to increase antibioticproduction by 30% on the average as compared to the yield obtained using a batch sterilizedsubstrate. On an industrial scale, for the same inoculation material the production was evenhigher by 80%.
- The aim of the present work was to evaluate the morphological and physiological status of strawberry shoots (cv. Senga Sengana) cultivated in vitro andtheir subsequent (out of glass vessels) ability to form plantlets with developedautothrophic metabolism. Standard medium recommended by Boxus was supplemented with glucose or sucrose 30 g/1. Biomass production and particularshoot formation were more efficient in the presence of glucose. The capacity ofthe shoots to form the root system and to develop photosynthetic activity washigher for shoots taken from the glucose-medium than the sucrose containingmedium.
- The aim of the presented research was to determine the changes of morphology (texture, friability, coloration), and to extend the cytodifFerentiation (tracheary element differentiation), as well as growth potential of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) callus in response to growth regulators (lAA, BA) and various light conditions. Callus was induced under 16-h photoperiod from embedded, mature embryos which were placed on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/i 2,4-D. After induction, callus was transferred on MS medium with lAA and BA (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 mg/1), added alone and in combinations. The cultures were incubated both in 16-h photoperiod and darkness for 4 weeks.
- The aim of the presented research was to examine the morphogenetic response of Polemonium coeruleum explants. The donor material were 10-day-old seedlings. Surface sterilized seeds were germinated on MS medium supplemented with CA3 (1 mg dnr^). Seedling explants (shoot tips, fragments of cotyledons, hipocotyls and roots) were isolated and transferred onto solidified MS medium supplemented with different types of cytokinins (BA, KN, ZEA, 2iP) at concentrations 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg dm ^ in combination with NAA (0.1 mg dnr^). All explant types were characterized by callus proliferation. It was observed that calli developed on the entire surface of hipocotyl and root fragments. On the other hand, shoot tips and cotyledonary petioles formed callus tissue at the cut ends, and petioles only at abaxial ends. The growth of calli on all explant types was strongly stimulated by ZEA. Among the explants tested, only shoot tips exhibited shoot organogenesis. The highest frequency of shoot organogenesis was observed when the explants were cultured on a medium supplemented with 5.0 mg dm-3 BA (lOO^o) or 5.0 mg dnr^ ZEA (97%). The highest shoot number per explant was obtained in the presence of 5.0 mg dnr^ZEA (8.4 on average). The presence of BA or ZEA in the proliferation medium inhibited rhizogenesis and the elongation growth of shoots. However, root organogenesis was supported by KN added into the medium.
- The aim of the presented review is to analyse the possibilities of creatinghighly morphogenic Triticum aestivum genome using generative hybridisation ofvarious wheat forms and its relatives.
