Abstrakt - Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN

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Ukraine is going through a complex process of transformational changes. It occurs under the Russian aggression in Donbas and Crimea occupation and with simultaneous aggravation in the global geopolitical situation, emergence of the new confrontation lines and conflicts. Due to some complex factors, Ukraine has overcome a significant number of challenges, including the one in the area of spatial development. The today’s consequences include among others significant polarization of regional development as well as urgent problems of specific areas development (remote regions, coastal zones and mountain area). The paper’s objective is to analyze the framework conditions and key features of spatial integration of Ukraine as a basis for Sustainable Spatial Development Strategy implementation.
Urban areas account for around 50% of global solid waste generation. In the last decade, the European Union has supported numerous initiatives aiming at reducing waste generation by promoting shifts towards Circular Economy (CE) approaches. Governing this process has become imperative. This article focuses on the results of a governance analysis of six urban regions in Europe involved in the Horizon 2020 project REPAiR. By means of semi-structured interviews, document analysis and workshops with local stakeholders, for each urban area a list of governance challenges which hinder the necessary shift to circularity was drafted. In order to compare the six cases, the various challenges have been categorized using the PESTEL-O method. Results highlight a significant variation in policy contexts and the need for these to evolve by adapting stakeholders’ and policy-makers’ engagement and diffusing knowledge on CE. Common challenges among the six regions include a lack of an integrated guiding framework (both political and legal), limited awareness among citizens, and technological barriers. All these elements call for a multi-faceted governance approach able to embrace the complexity of the process and comprehensively address the various challenges to completing the shift towards circularity in cities.
Urban metabolism is a multi-disciplinary approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resource flows in urban systems, which aims to provide important insights into the dynamics of cities to make them more ecologically responsible. It has been also introduced into the urban design domain, however most of the attempts concern only tracking of energy and/or material flows to reduce environmental impacts by redesigning closed loops in a specific area. The hypothesis of this paper is that the concept of urban metabolism, and its indicators, could play an important role in advancing the science and practice related to sustainability in urban design and development. At the moment, however we lack indicators to support evaluation of urban design related decisions from the perspective of urban metabolism. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of urban metabolism indicators in urban design based on their characteristics. It reviews development periods of the concept and analytical models of urban metabolism, in order to identify crucial urban metabolism indicators for urban design. Next, these urban metabolism indicators are classified regarding type of analytical model, accounting method, indicator type, and indicator level. Finally, several suggestions are offered on how to integrate urban metabolism indicators into urban design. In addition, directions for future research on the topic are discussed.
Urban planners are increasingly paying more attention to the topic of UHI. Within the framework of the EU-UHI Project, an industrial area inside the municipality of Modena was selected as a pilot-area for the Emilia-Romagna Region. In this paper we present some results obtained with RayMan, a model which estimates bioclimatic discomfort based on the human radiative budget. Some simulations of the impact of mitigation measures have been carried out, taking into account the insertion of greenery and building modifications. Both intra-diurnal and whole day effects have been compared.
Urban ruination is an understudied feature in the life of cities. This article discusses its causes. Based on the study of four shrinking Portuguese cities (Lisbon, Barreiro, Guimarães and Vizela), and using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis as the statistical method, the structure of relationships among ruins, economic change, demographic change, social geography and the characteristics of buildings are discussed. Although the study concludes that ruination is a highly contingent phenomenon, the results show that of all the structural factors, demographic ageing and the obsolescence of buildings (poor housing conditions) are the key causes of ruination in the four cities under study. Links between ruination and socio-spatial processes have also been identified.
Urban shrinkage, characterised by long-term demographic, socio-economic and spatial changes, has been studied extensively, including via research into causes, typologies, and planning responses. However, while understanding and measuring urban shrinkage processes is crucial if policymakers are to respond adequately to cities’ challenges, multi-criterion studies on shrinkage trajectories are still required for the spatiotemporal complexity to be captured correctly. This study reviews methods by which urban shrinkage is studied and concludes with a selection of multi-criterion methods that offer more in-depth insight than population-based methods. Finally, a multicriteria analysis, adapted from Milbert (2015), is applied to measure urban shrinkage in Poland in the years 2006 to 2021. This incorporates six variables with a view to shrinking and growing cities being assessed and assigned to one of five categories. The research provides insights into Poland’s most recent urban shrinkage processes. Results show that, over the analysed period, urban shrinkage was a phenomenon that increased and intensified in Poland, affected a growing number of urban centres of medium size, and was to be noted on the peripheries of metropolitan areas. Such research outcomes contribute to a better understanding of urban shrinkage in Poland, provide a basis for further research, and inform policymakers as they seek to formulate more-targeted strategies to address the specific challenges that urban shrinkage raises. <br>
Urbanizacja obszarów wiejskich wykazuje zróżnicowanie form oraz głębokość przemian, co jest uwarunkowane m.in. genezą i położeniem określonych miejscowości. Kategorią osiedli wiejskich posiadających szczególnie dobrze rozwinięte cechy miejskie, zarówno w rozumieniu ilościowym (natężenie cech), jak i jakościowym (liczba tych cech) są byłe miasta. Niektóre z nich, pomimo wiejskiego obecnie statusu, zachowały miejski układ przestrzenny, silne związki z zapleczem i inne miejskie cechy, dzięki którym w świadomości społeczności lokalnych ciągle pozostają miastami. Charakterystyka tych jednostek uwzględnia m.in. zagadnienia demograficzne, funkcjonalne i morfologiczne. Część miejscowości wytypowano jako posiadające szanse na odzyskanie praw miejskich.
UTCI, although it was developed with the participation of scientists from 22 countries, it has shortcomings and people using it face various obstacles. The difficulties include wide range of issues: from different availability of meteorological data in individual countries, through the kind of air temperature which should be properly used in calculations, or the need of recalculation of wind speed. However the biggest subject concern algorithms for mean radiant temperature (Mrt) calculations, different models and programs which simplify calculations of this complex index though introduce different approximations and, as a result, many false results. The paper presents also wide range of UTCI applications in urban bioclimate studies and bioclimatic mapping, climate-human health researches and biometeorological forecasts which were the primary purpose of the index creation, but also applications in tourism and recreation or even in bioclimate change analysis.

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