Przegląd Geograficzny T. 97 z. 3 (2025)
The article addresses the issue of residential multilocality, focusing on the relationship between living in more than one place and attachment to place and engagement with local issues. The article presents a theoretical framework for capturing multilocality as a dynamic process of living in several places and as an alternative to migration and daily mobility. It sought to answer the question of how ‘polygamy of place’ and temporary presence or absence of multilocal residents affect attachment to place of residence and levels of community engagement. The analysis is based on selected results of a 2023 survey of 996 people living a multilocal lifestyle in the Mazovian Voivodeship. Conclusions indicate that the practice of multilocality does not exclude a strong attachment to one or several places of residence, but that differentiated ties to particular places are built, often linked to the function they perform. High mobility and limited time resources have a negative impact on engagement with the local area. The article concludes by reflecting on the need to expand the research to include the perspective of multi-local residents, as the lack of statistical data on multi-locals and their low involvement in local affairs makes them doubly invisible to local authorities.
;
Anton, C.E., & Lawrence, C. (2014). Home is where the heart is: The effect of place of residence on place attachment and community participation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 451-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.10.007
Augé, M. (2010). Nie-miejsca. Wprowadzenie do antropologii hipernowoczesności. Warszawa: PWN.
Babbie, E. (2013). Podstawy badań społecznych. Warszawa: PWN.
Back, A. (2020). Temporary resident evil? Managing diverse impacts of second-home tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(11), 1328-1342. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1622656 Blunt, A., & Dowling, R.M. (2006). Home. Key ideas in geography. London: Routledge.
Bourdieu, P. (2000). Pascalian meditations. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
CBOS. (2018). Zaangażowanie Polaków na rzecz społeczności lokalnej. Komunikat z badań, 74/2018. Warszawa: CBOS.
Cuba, L., & Hummon, D.M. (1993). A place to call home: Identification with dwelling, community, and region. The Sociological Quarterly, 34, 111-131.
Czarnecki, A. (2017). Going local? Linking and integrating second-home owners with the community's economy. Polish Studies in Economics, 9. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH. https://doi.org/10.3726/b11463
Danielzyk, R., Dittrich-Wesbuer, A., Hilti, N., & Tippel, C. (red.). (2020). Multilokale Lebensführungen und räumliche Entwicklungen - ein Kompendium. Forschungsberichte der ARL, 13. Hannover.
Di Marino, M., Tiitu, M., Rehunen, A., Chavoshi, S.H., & Lapintie, K. (2025). Multi-locality in the Regions of Oslo and Helsinki: A Regional Planning Perspective After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Regional Studies, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2024.2355290
Di Masso, A., Williams, D.R., Raymond, C.M., Buchecker, M., Degenhardt, B., Devine-Wright, P. Hertzog, A., Lewicka, M., Manzo, L., Shahrad, A., et al. (2019). Between fixities and flows: Navigating place attachments in an increasingly mobile world. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 61, 125-133.
Dittrich-Wesbuer, A., & Kramer, C. (2014). Heute hier - morgen dort: Residenzielle Multilokalität in Deutschland. Geographische Rundschau, 11, 46-53.
Dittrich-Wesbuer, A., Föbker, S., & Sturm, G. (2015). Multilokales Wohnen: Empirische Befunde zur Verbreitung in Deutschland. W: P. Weichhart, A. Dittrich-Wesbuer (red.), Mobil und doppelt sesshaft: Studien zur residenziellen Multilokalität (s. 121-143). Wien: Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung.
Duchêne-Lacroix, C., Götzö, M., & Sontag, K. (2016). The experience of multilocal living: Mobile immibilities or immobile mobilities? W: M. Gutekunst, A. Hackl, S. Leoncini, J.S. Schwarz, M. Götz (red.), Bounden mobilities. Ethnographic perspectives on social hierarchies and global inequalities. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Dudek-Mańkowska, S., Grochowski, M., & Sitnik, K. (2024). Changes in the characteristics of suburbanization in the Warsaw Metropolitan Area in the first decades of the 21st century. Sustainability, 16, 4827. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114827
Greinke, L., & Lange, L. (2022). Multi-locality in rural areas - An underestimated phenomenon. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 9(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2021.2025417
Greinke, L. (2023). The multi-locality of students during COVID-19 and its effects on spatial development: A quantitative case study of Leibniz University Hanover. Traditiones: Zbornik Inštituta za Slovensko Narodopisje in Glasbenonarodopisnega Inštituta, 52(3), 71-97. https://doi.org/10.3986/traditio20235203
Greinke, L., & Rammelmeier, M. (2025). The impact of people's creativity and networks on spatial localisation - Locals, multi-locals, newcomers or returnees as an opportunity for civic engagement in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 113, 103514.
Grillo, M.C., Teixeira, M.A., & Wilson, D.C. (2010). Residential satisfaction and civic engagement: Understanding the causes of community participation. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 451-466.
Hägerstrand, T. (1970). What about people in regional science? Papers of the Regional Science Association, 24, 7-21.
Hummon, D.M. (1992). Community attachment. Local sentiment and sense of place. W: I. Altman, S.M. Low (red.), Place attachment (s. 253-277). New York, London: Plenum Press.
Jaczewska, B. (2023). Analiza praktyk czasoprzestrzennych i sposobów zamieszkiwania "wielolokalnych" polskich naukowców. Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 68(2) (s. 29-53). Warszawa: WGiSR. https://doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2023-68.2-02
Jaczewska, B. (2023). Multi-local Living in Mazowieckie Province: Specificity and Universality of an Underestimated Phenomenon. Traditiones, 52(3), 99-125. https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2023520305
Jaczewska, B. (2025). Explaining Decision-Making on Multilocal Living: Bridging Rationality, Practice, and Networks. Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny, 195(1). 55-82. https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.25.003.21386.
Jaczewska, B., & Szczepański, J. (2025). Insight into practices of Warsaw's multilocal residents: spatial and temporal arrangements, motives, types of residence and use of public services. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 68, 189-203. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2025-0021.
Jewdokimow, M. (2011). Zmiany społecznych praktyk zamieszkiwania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Wyszyńskiego.
Jorgensen, B.S., & Stedman, R.C. (2006). A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties. Journalof Environmental Management, 79, 316-327.
Kaczmarczyk, P. (2002). Migracje o charakterze cyrkulacyjnym a inne formy mobilności terytorialnej w świetle doświadczeń badawczych. Prace Migracyjne, 45. Warszawa: Instytut Studiów Społecznych UW.
Kajdanek, K. (2022). Powrotnicy: Reurbanizacja w perspektywie przebiegu życia. Kraków: Nomos.
Lange, L. (2018). Leben an mehreren Orten: Multilokalität und bürgerschaftliches Engagement in ländlich geprägten Räumen Niedersachsens (Vol. 4). Münster: LIT Verlag.
Lapintie, K. (2022). Planning and the multi-local urban experience: The power of lifescapes. London & New York: Routledge.
Lehtonen, O., Voutilainen, O., & Heiskanen, V. (2024). The burden of mobility: Multi-local living and its effects on infrastructure, services, and housing markets in rural areas. Fennia - International Journal of Geography, 202(2), 247-271. https://doi.org/10.11143/fennia.143777
Lewicka, M. (2005). Ways to make people active: The role of place attachment, cultural capital, and neighborhood ties. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4), 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.10.004
Lewicka, M. (2008). Place attachment, place identity and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 209-231.
Lewicka, M. (2010). On the varieties of people's relationships with places: Hummon's typology revisited. Environment and Behavior, 43(5), 676-709. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916510364917
Lewicka, M. (2012). Psychologia miejsca. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR.
Liu, C. (2020). Rethinking the timescape of home: Domestic practices in time and space. Progress in Human Geography, 45(2), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132520923138 López-Mosquera, N., & Sánchez, M. (2013). Direct and indirect effects of received benefits and place attachment in willingness to pay and loyalty in suburban natural areas. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.11.004
Łukasiuk, M., & Jewdokimow, M. (2012). Niedom. Socjologiczna monografia mieszkań migracyjnych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak.
Mallet, S. (2004). Understanding home: A critical review of literature. The Sociological Review, 52(1), 62-89.
Mandal, A., & Moroń, M. (2017). Skala typów przywiązania do miejsca według typologii Davida M. Hummona (1992): Ustrukturyzowana jakościowa metoda badania przywiązania do miejsca zamieszkania. Psychologia Społeczna, 12(2), 185-204.
Manzo, L., & Devine-Wright, P. (red.). (2021). Place attachment: Advances in theory, methods and applications. Abingdon, UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Marks-Krzyszkowska, M., Dzwonkowska-Godula, K., & Miklaszewska, A. (2022). Types of rural residents in Central Poland in terms of their local participation: The perspectives of the local authorities and the inhabitants. Sustainability, 14, 13512. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013512
McHugh, K.E., & Mings, R.C. (1996). The circle of migration: Attachment to place in aging. Annalsof the Association of American Geographers, 86, 530-550.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01765.x
Nadler, R. (2014). Plug & play places. Lifeworld's of multilocal creative knowledge workers. Warszawa: De Gruyter Open. https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110401745
Nowicka, M. (2007). Mobile locations. Construction of home in the group of transnational professionals. Global Networks, 7(1), 69-86.
Petzold, K. (2013). Multilokalität als Handlungssituation. Lokale Identifikation, Kosmopolitismus und ortsbezogenes Handeln unter Mobilitätsbedingungen. Wiesbaden: Springer.
Pikner, T., Pitkanen, K., & Nugin, R. (2023). Emergent rural-urban relations in Covid-19 disturbances: Multi-locality affecting sustainability of rural change. Sociologia Ruralis, 63, 564-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12421
Proshansky, H.M., Fabian, A.K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 57-83.
Rejter, M. (2023). Łódzkie geobiografie zamieszkiwania. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. https://doi.org/10.18778/8331-322-1
Reuschke, D. (2010). Job-induced commuting between two residences. Characteristics of the multilocational living arrangement in late modernity. Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 35(1), 107-134. https://doi.org/10.4232/10.CPoS-2010-04de
Riger, S., & Lavrakas, P.J. (1981). Community ties: Patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 55-66.
Rolshoven, J. (2006). Woanders daheim. Kulturwissenschaftliche Ansätze zur multilokalen Lebensweise in der Spätmoderne. Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, 102(2), 179-194.
Rüger, H., Greinke, L., & Skora, T. (2022). Reduziert erwerbsbedingte Multilokalität das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement? Ergebnisse für Deutschland anhand von quantitativen und qualitativen Daten. Raumforschung und Raumordnung. Spatial Research and Planning, 479-496. https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.131
Schier, M., Schlinzig, T., & Montanari, G. (2015). The logic of multi-local living arrangements: Methodological challenges and the potential of qualitative approaches. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 106, 425-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12159
Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006). The New Mobilities Paradigm, Environment and Planning A, 38, 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37268
Skora, T., Rüger, H., & Petzold, K. (2024). Migration, daily commuting, or second residence? The role of location-specific capital and distance to workplace in regional mobility decisions. Demographic Research, 50(33), 967-1004.
Słowińska, M. (2019). Wykorzystanie testu chi-kwadrat w badaniach preferencji żywieniowych konsumentów. Nauki Inżynierskie i Technologie, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.15611/nit.2019.1.02
Struzińska, K. (2017). Aktywność społeczna mieszkańców a budowanie bezpiecznych wspólnot lokalnych. W: J. Czapska, P. Mączyński, K. Struzińska (red.), Bezpieczne miasto: w poszukiwaniu wiedzy przydatnej praktykom (s. 192-220). Kraków: Wydawnictwo JAK. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/51393
Śleszyński, P. (2024). Zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne uwarunkowania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Polsce. Wnioski dla planowania regionalnego i lokalnego. Wieś i Rolnictwo, 203(2). 17-39. https://doi.org/10.53098/wir.2024.2.203/01.
Trąbka, A. (2018). Zmiany przywiązania do miejsca zamieszkania pod wpływem mobilności i ich znaczenie dla dobrostanu jednostki. W: A. Anczyk, J. Grzymała-Moszczyńska, A. Krzysztof-Świderska (red.), Psychologia kultury, kultura psychologii: księga jubileuszowa profesor Haliny Grzymała-Moszczyńskiej (s. 239-250). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Sacrum. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/70546
Wächter, L. (2025). Active, passive and hybrid multilocal living practices - Towards a classification. The Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 40, 43-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-024-10164-z
Weichhart, P. (2015). Residential multi-locality: In search of theoretical frameworks. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 106(4), 378-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12156
Willecke, M. (2024). Practices of homing: How people with temporary living arrangements createhome(s) through practices. Housing, Theory and Society, 42(3), 255-272.https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2024.2436349
Willecke, M. (2025). Temporariness in the life course of multi-local residents: Processuality of home. Population, Space and Place, 31(2), e70007. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.70007
Williams, D.R., & Vaske, J.J. (2003). The measurement of place attachment: Validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach. Forest Science, 49, 830‑840..
oai:rcin.org.pl:246605 ; 0033-2143 (print) ; 2300-8466 (on-line) ; 10.7163/PrzG.2025.3.4
CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.181, Cz.3136, Cz.4187 ; click here to follow the link
Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license
Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Programme Innovative Economy, 2010-2014, Priority Axis 2. R&D infrastructure ; European Union. European Regional Development Fund
Nov 4, 2025
Oct 24, 2025
23
https://rcin.org.pl/igipz/publication/283262
Papadopoulos, Apostolos G
Ilieva, Nadezhda Borissova
Gee, Kira Siedschlag, Daniela
Gawryszewski, Andrzej (1939– )
Taylor, Zbigniew (1946– ) Józefowicz, Iwona
Stępień, Joanna Michalski, Tomasz Grabowski, Jakub Waszak, Przemysław Grabkowska, Maja Macul, Aleksandra Rojek, Jakub Jan
Gawryszewski, Andrzej (1939– )